Deg uḥemmas n « Drouant » aqdim di Paris, i yudsen i taddart n Opera ; di tlata zi Nuwanbir zi mkul aseggas, ttnegrawen ca n igmamen (les membres) zeg ijjen tyemmunt d taseklant bac ad ixḍaren min iɛna amari asebḥan zi rebɛa i yettilin di llista bac ad awin tasemɣurt n Goncourt, tasemɣurt tameqqrant di tsekla Tafransist.
Aseggas-a iwwi-tt umari Asinigali Mohamed Mbougar Sarr x wungal-nnes « Iktayen n irgazen i yennffuren ».
Zeg wami tettwagg tasemɣurt, ittsemma zi 1903, taymunt yalleh tixḍar 12 n tmaritin waha, aked 107 n twalatin i di ixḍaren imariten d irgazen.
Ixess-aneɣ a nessen belli qbel ma a neḥkem x manaya, ila din wi iqqaren aqqa imariten irgazen kṭer (di nnumru-nnsen) zi tmaritin, mala nesmqudda-ten aked wayawya. Maca waxxa amenni, din wi yettwalan ila ittemsar ijjen lferz di tsemuɣrt-a s ixef-nnes.
Manaya maci bac a neɣḍel zeg inni iwwin tasemɣurt-a immewcen i yemariten d imeqqranen ameknaw Alphonse de Châteaubriant, Marcel Proust, André Malraux d Heni Troyat. Ɛawed manaya maci d asuḍi di ca n tmarit.
Da nessawal x ijjen tsentut d taqdimt am tenni n Goncourt, a tt-nesmuqdda aked tasemɣurt n Poker Tabriṭanit d Pulitzer Tamarikant d Georg Büchner Talimant d tsemɣurt n udlis Aliman. Zzag-s a nexzer di mani ittakkʷaḍ ufinumin-a.
Timaritin jar Goncourt d tsemɣurin-nniḍen
Wami tiwwi tamɣart tamezwarut tasemɣurt n Goncourt, i ttuɣa yellan d Elsa Triolet aseggas n 1944 x wungal-nnes « tasawent tamezwarut tsekkʷa 200 frank », ttuɣa tasemɣurt n Pulitzer Tamarikant n wungal ittwaggen aseggas n 1918 temmewc i tenɛac n temɣarin, zzag-sent deg useggas n 1921 x wungal-nnes « akud n ubari ».
Timɣarin i yewwin tasemɣurt n Pulitzer i tsekla ttakkʷaḍent 34% maca timɣarin i yewwint tisemɣurin n Goncourt yallah ttakkʷaḍent 10% waha.
Ma tasemɣurt n Man Poker i yettmewcan i wungal asebḥan i urin inamuren n Briṭaniya d Irland d tmura n Commonwealth, qbel deg useggas n 2014 ad kksen tanamurt ɣer ijten zi tmura-ya, ad tedwel d tamaḍlant, da nettaf ila tewweḍ 36% zeg wami tkumasa deg useggas n 1969.
Tasemɣurt i irewsen cwayt di tenni n Goncourt, nettaf tenni n Georg Büchner Talimant, mani wwḍent timɣarin 14% zeg useggas n 1923, ma tasemɣurt n udlis Aliman, tewca tsɛa n twalatin tasemɣurt i temɣarin zeg wami tettwagg aseggas n 2005.
Ca zi lxezrat qqaren-tt ila zeɛma tasemɣurt n Goncourt d taqdimt s uyenni i din beṭṭu jar tnayen n ijandaren, minzi amezruy-nnes izwar s waṭṭas anhezzi n temɣarin n yiḍ-a d wenni n imeḥḍaren deg iseggusa n settin d sebɛin zi lqern i yeɛdan.
Maca lxezrat ɣer llista n inni iwwin tasemɣurt zeg useggas n 1979, ar ass-a, ccaten di ddegg-a n lxezrat, zi 35 n imariten yalleh sebɛa waha i tt-iwwin, ma di ɛicrin useggas tameggarut nettaf yallah tlata n tmaritin i yewwin tasemɣurt-a.
zeg uɣezdis-nniḍen, tamarit Bernice Rubens tettwaḥsab d tamɣart d tamezwarut i yewwin tasemɣurt n Poker aseggas n 1970, ittsemma awerni ijjen useggas waha x zeg wami tettwagg. Zeg useggas n 1979 ar ass-a, 16 n tmaritin i tt-yewwen, di ɛicrin iseggusa tameggarut, 9 n stilawat n temɣarin i yewwin tasemɣurt-a.
Min iqqnen ɣer tsemɣurt n Pulitzer, nettaf zeg useggas n 2000 ar ass-a timɣarin i yewwin tasemɣurt-a tteggent ca n 40% d 60% n yergazen.
Ma s tidett dinni lferz ?
Zeg umezwaru, ẓrin ca n iseklawiyen ila qa din ijjen lferz di tsemɣurt n Goncourt, Faruq Mardam-Bey, ameqqran n taddart n Sindibad/Actes du Sud Tafransist n wefsar iqqar ila « zeg useggas amezwaru, nnan x tsemɣurt n Goncourt belli tettegg lferz x temɣarin ».
Deg useggas n 1904, tettwagg tasemɣurt n « Femina » bac ad rren x tyemmunt n Goncourt i di ttuɣa ḥa irgazen.
Maca, amek yeqqar Mardam-bek « timɣarin i yewwin tasemɣurt n « Femina » wer wwiḍent 37%, ittsemma timɣarin-nni ttuɣa tticent tisemɣurin i yergazen kṭer zi min stahllen ».
Timaritin d timeqqranin.. Maca wer weyyent ca Goncourt
Lux ca n settin iseggusa zeg wami temmut tamarit Tafransist Colette (1873-1954) isem-nnes n tidet Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette tettwaḥsab zi tmaritin timeqqranin n Fransa, nnan x-as belli zi tmungalin tiqemqamin Tifransisin deg iseggusa n tlatin d rebɛin. Tura Colette x waṭṭas n tmeslayin i yettwaḥsaben d ṭṭabu deg wagdud Afransis.
Colette s tidet tuɣa-tt d tameqqrant n tsemɣurt n Goncourt, maca ɛemmers i ma tiwwi-tt. Wami temmut, ttuɣa-tt d tamɣart tamezwarut wami ggin legnazet d tunsibt.
Marguerite Yourcenar tlul di Bruxelles aseggas n 1903, tiwwi aṭṭas n tsemɣurin, zzag-sent tasemɣurt n Femina i tiwwi aseggas n 1952 d 1968, tasemɣurt n Erasmus Tawruppawit tameqqrant deg useggas n 1983, mamec i tiwwi aseggas n 1977 tasemɣurt Takadimit Tafransist x lexdayem-nnes, tedwel aseggas n 1980 d tamɣart tamezwarut i yudfen di tkadimit-a ta.
Zi lexdayem-nnes i tura « Iktayen n Adrien » i tefser aseggas n 1951, ungal-a nnes iwweḍ ɣer waṭṭas n iwdan.
Louise de Vilmorin, tazlawit d tmungalt, tlul aseggas n 1902, zeg wungalen-nnes i yettwassnen « Madame De » ittwafsren aseggas n 1951 d « Joliette, tabrat di ttaksi ». Mamec tiwwi tasemɣurt n « Renée Vivien » n usefru aseggas n 1949.
Françoise Sagan, tlul aseggas n 1935, temmut aseggas n 2004. Ttuɣa ɣer-s 19 n iseggusa wami tefser ungal-nnes « tifawin ay axeyyeq » aseggas n 1954. Zi senni tefser aṭṭas n lexdayem deg umzgun d usinaryu.
André Chedid tlul di Lqahira aseggas n 1920, baba-s d Alubnani yemma-s d Talubnant d Tasurit, temmut di Paris aseggas n 2011. Tiwwi xirebbi n tsemɣurin di Fransa, tiwwi tasemɣurt n Goncourt di tenfas tiquḍaḍin aseggas n 1979 x tḥajit n « arrimet d zzman ». Mamec tiwwi tasemɣurt tameqqrant n Tkadimit tagledant di Beljik n tsekla Tafransist aseggas n 1975.
Asia Djebbar tlul deg useggas n 1936 di Cercal, temmut di Paris aseggas n 2015. Nettat d takadimit d tamessufeɣt d Tadzayrit, tura s Tefransist, tettwaḥsab zeg imariten Ifrankufuniyen imeqqranen. Zi lexdayem-nnes « timɣarin n Lezzayer » d « tili n Sulṭana » d « Laggʷaj x Temdint ».
Min ɛnant tinni i yewwyent Goncourt ?
Deg useggas n 1944 tedwel Elsa Triolet d tamarat tamezwarut i yewwin Goncourt, netta d Tarusit. Tlul di Muskuva aseggas n 1896 s yisem n Ella Yourievna Kagan, d tudayt. Tuɣa tessen mliḥ Tafransist d Talimant, d nettat i yessuɣlen tiqessisin n wemdyaz Arusi Vladimir Maiakovski ɣer Tefransist i twalat tamezwarut. Tetleɛ Illa aseggas n 1918 ɣer Paris, tbeddel isem-nnes ɣer Elsa, teysi ttekniyet n wergaz-nnes Triolet.
Elsa aṭṭas i x-as yura wezlawi Afransis Aragon i idewlen d argaz-nnes, yura x-as « tiṭṭawin n Elsa » d « abuhali n Elsa ».
Ungal n « Tasawent tamezwarut tsekkʷa 200 Frank » tessawal x tenzbayt Tafransist i Tnazit Talimant di girra tamaḍlant tis snat.
Deg useggas n 1952 tiwwi Béatrix Beck tasemɣurt tameqqrant x ijjen wungal i dd-yeffɣen s yisem n « Ukehhan Léon Morin » tessawal x min ismunan ijjen tajjalt d tacyuɛit d ijjen uḥudri d akehhan.
Beck tlul aseggas n 1914 di Swisra, d yelli-s n wezlawi Christian Beck, temmut aseggas n 2008.
Deg useggas n 1954 tiwwi Simone du Beauvoir tasemɣurt-a x ij n wungal i tura. Tettɛawad dag-s x ifillisufen i ttuɣa illan d imeddukal n Jean Paul Sarter, mamec tessiwel ula x min t-ismunan aked Nelson Algren.
Tlul nettat aseggas n 1908, temmut di 1986, d ijjen temxarrest d tafiminist. Tura Du Beauvoir aṭṭas n trezzutin d idlisen.
Deg useggas n 1984 Marguerite Duras tasemɣurt-a tameqqrant, tessawal dag-s x tudert-nnes i tesseɛda di landucin, x llif-nnes amezwaru, jar ijjen tḥudrit zeg ijjen twacunt d Tafransist d ijjen wergaz d Acinwi ɣer-s ttmenyat.
Marguerite Duras tlul deg useggas n 1914 di Saigon, d tamarit d tamessufeɣt. Tettwassen di Fransa d umaḍal Afrankufuni.
Deg useggas n 1989 tiwwi Paule Constant tasemɣurt x ijjen wungal i yettɛawaden x ca n temɣarin ssawalent x tudert-nnsen d min sseɛdant d tifeqqaɛ.
deg useggas n 2009 tiwwi Marie NDiaye tasemɣurt-nnes i yessawalen x tḥuja n tlata n temɣarin, waxxa ittban-d ila msebḍant, maca kul icten ad temmelqa aked tenneɣni.
deg useggas n 2015 tiwwi Lydie Salvayre tasemɣurt x wungal n « wer ttru » i yettɛawaden x girra taspanyut.
Salvayre tlul aseggas n 2014 n ijjen tnayen imarawen d imegduden, telɛen ɣer yeffus n Fransa, yemma-s ttuɣa ɣer-s xemzṭac n iseggusa wami tekker girra deg useggas n 1936.
Di 1916 ; tiwwi Leila Slimani tasemɣurt-a x wungal-nnes « Aɣennij d aleqqaɣ » i yettɛawaden x tḥajit n ijjen temɣart d taxeddamt tenɣa tnayen n iḥenjiren i ttuɣa tettrebba.
Slimani, tedwel d tamɣart Tmaziɣt tamezwarut i yewwin tasemɣurt-a tanita. Zegga i tt-iwwi Taher Ben Jellun aseggas n 1987.
Slimani tura ula d wungal n « turit n temẓa ».
Slimani, tlul di Rrbaṭ, baba-s d Ameɣrabi yemma-s d Tadzayrit.