Yura-t : Muḥemmed ṬṬAYYBI
“Tudert d taɣerrabut irrẓen, maca war ntettu εemmars taẓyuḍi n uɣennej di tɣarruba n ẓekku” (Voltair, 1694 – 1778)
“Necc ttɣennjeɣ i tudert” (Marvin Gaye,1939-1984)
“ittexs wul-inu ad iɣennej” (tim Curry,1946)
Ammu i ssiwlen imussnawen n umaḍal xef uɣennej d uɣennij, d ta d taɣmart i zi ttwalan aɣennij, ammu i zzay-s ttacan.
S uya ixess ad nerr taynit aṭṭas urid drus i tẓuri-ya di temnaḍt n Arrif minzi ɣar-s ijj n umezruy yuɣba issenta-d aked usenti n tudert di Arrif ilul-d llɣa n uɣennij Arifi s tazzla n waman deg yiɣezran d leεwin ittẓemmaren di lemyazb n tzeɣwin …
S uya deg umegrad-a ad nerr taynit i ijj zeg imeqqranen n uɣennij Arifi “Ḥasan Tibarint” ittwassnen deg wazzarg n tẓuri s yisem “Ḥasan Uryu”, ḥuma ad nessen ujar, ad nessers ijt n tesmmuḍt n iseqsan am : mamec teyma tudert n Ḥasan Tibarint?
Min ixes ad issiweḍ deg uɣennij-nnes?
Man udmawen d man llɣa i nettaf deg uɣennij n Ḥassan tibarint?
Mani nttaca s tegrawla g uɣennij n Tibarint?
Man tagrumma g unamun xef isɣuyyu unaẓur Ḥassan Tibarinnt?
Tyumi n Ḥasan Tibarint :
Ilul unaẓur Ḥasan Tibarnit deg useggʷas n 1955 di « twissent Sidi Bubker » di tendint n Jrada, aẓwar n imarawen-nnes seg Ayt Sidal-Nnaḍur, di temnaḍt-a illa udrar n yiksan i tuɣa iḥewwes uḥewwas Asepanyu, s uya ijja wansa-nni ayezzim deg ayt bab-nnes s min dasen-imsaren d aseḥqar d tmenɣiwin deg ayt bab n tmurt i wer yufin wi dasen-ɣa-iswiẓẓḍen fus s tzemmar minzi tizemmar-nnsen d tiquḍaḍin arendad n tzemmar n uḥewwas ḥma ad d-rren tisqqart-nnsen ittwaḥewwsen.
Waxxa wcin imjahden tarwa n tmurt idammen-nnsen, rrin-d acal ittwacren maca immutti uyezzim-nni zi lejdud ɣer wayyawen n wayyawen-nnsen. Ammu yiyma unaẓur Ḥasan Uryu iqas tarẓugi i di idder Arrif, immutti uyezzim i zi ttacan qaε Irifiyen ɣer ugensu n Ḥasan i ɣa yilin d anaẓur, yurem di twengimt-nnes s umezruy i isla d min iẓra d min ittwala s tiṭṭawin-nnes aṭṭas n ixarrisen mxumblen xef tudert n ijj n uydud ittwacer-as walli tettwacer-as tumert d tudert izdigen.
Manis yuyem Tibarint aẓawan ?
Mamec i d-yusa xef yiles n unaẓur Ḥasan Tibarint belli aɣbal amezwaru isleqḥen tẓuri n uẓawan di tudert-nnes d baba-s, minzi tuɣa-t zeg iwdan ittekksen nnefs i temja, issen ad day-s issuḍ, zi ssenni yufa Tibarint ixef-nnes di tebridt n llɣa issenta ilemmed zi temẓi di temja niɣ deg iqedwaḥ-nni i tteggen iḥenjiren imeẓẓyanen s minma ufin, tamja s uɣanim niɣ gambri s uqedduḥ n pintura d ssluk, waxxa imɣer cway Tibarint deg iseggusa maca iqqim iṭṭef deg ucbar n uɣennij isselmed ixef-nnes s yixf-nnes, waxxa tizemmar d tiquḍaḍin maca aẓawan ittazzel deg idammen am ca n druga min yufa zzat-s ad zzay-s d-yalem llɣa.
Tuɣa ssaɣen imassen n uɣennej ittwaxdmen ɣir s lxurda ɛeddlen-ten, ilmed ad iwwet di giṭara s ufafi, idḥa issen ad issefrez jer tefraz n llɣa, minzi tuɣa isḥessa i llɣawat n dduniyt ttuɣa itteɛjib-as uɣennij n ccerq minzi ttuɣa iɛeddu-d aṭṭas x arradyu am : « Muḥemmed Ɛebdelwehhab, Farid Laṭrac, Ɛebdelḥalim Ḥafeḍ ..) ibda ittɣennaj iɣennijen n « Ɛebdelhadi belxeyyaṭ », awern-as iwelleh ɣar uɣennij aɣiwani deg iseggusa n 70 ibna taseḍma n ileyzam ssufɣen-d iɣennijen-nnsen d imaynuten mquddan la di tiddi ula di tebratin .
Zegga msebḍant tseḍmiwin, wer imsebḍi Tibarint akd uɣennij Arifi, isiɣi al lextu aked lɛud d yiwalen yulmen, abrid n Ḥasan ɛemmer-s ma ttuɣa-t issu s nnewwac s uyenni nettaca deg uɣennij-nnes lebda s uxeyyeq d tiqqest .
Arcam n Ḥasan Tibarint deg uɣennij Arifi n yiḍennaḍ :
- aɣennij n iseggʷusa n 70
Aɣennij n Arrif iẓra ijj n wudem d amaynu deg iseggusa n 70, awareni ma ttuɣa llan yizlan n imedyazen d tmedyazin i iṭṭfen azzareg n uɣennij di Arrif ɣir s wallun d ẓẓamer zzag-sen wi issadafen ula d lεud, nettaf deg uɣezdis-a “Malika Nnaḍuriya, Muḥemmed Adrawi, Malika Lfarxanya, Faṭima Nnaḍuriya, Farid Nnaḍuri, Tarwa n ccix Muḥend, Mimunt n Serwan d Mudrus” d waṭṭas nniḍen.
Ittwassen wudem-a amaynu s tesfayt taɣiwant, tasfayt-a tlul-d aked waṭṭas n tseḍmiwin di Arrif rrint taynit i waṭṭas n yigran iqqnen ɣer tudert n weydud Arifi am: tɣuyyit xef tseqqar, tɣuni n Irifiyen aked tmurtènnsen, tikessit zeg ufus n temɣart d waddur-nnes, tazzla xef uḥewwas, adwal ɣer uẓwar, asili s ccan n Tmaziɣt d Imaziɣen… lulent-id aṭṭas n tseḍmiwin di Nnaḍur, Azɣenɣan, Aεerwi am : Yin Umaziɣ, Isefḍawen, Benneεman, Lxawalid, Assam, Iseɣwan, Ileyzam” d Lḥusima am “Ttwattun, Tidrin…” .
- arcam n Ḥasan Tibarint deg uɣennij Arifi
“Ileyzam” d ijt zi tseḍmiwin i d-neydar tuɣa-tt s tmezwura i iksin asfeḍ n uɣennij Arifi iggin ddriz deg iyyar n tẓuri n uẓawan tesmun jar llɣa n Arrif azayku d cway zi tiqqeɣt n llɣa Aɣiwani deg iseggusa n 70.
Nitni d ijt n tjummijt n iḥudriyen zeg ijt n tendint d tameẓẓyant « Aɛerwi » mladasen ixarrisen-nnsen, ggin fus deg ufus ufin ixef-nnsen deg uɣennij d tɣuni n yiwalen aked llɣa yulmen. Igga tizemmar meɣrent unaẓur Tibarint waxxa jjehd yudrus, ḥma ad tbedd tseḍma n Ileyzam xef iḍaren-nnes aked ca n iḥudriyen-nniḍen wellhen ɣar uẓawan d uɣennij Arifi « seddiq Ɛemmuri, Muḥemmed Ɛezzuzi, Ɛezzuzi Saɛid », « Ileyzam » zegga tuɣa i dasen-qqaren « inni n yiɣzar » minzi ttmunan deg ij n uxxam x tma n yiɣzar ttwassnen zi tmcant-nni, maca Ḥasan Tibarint igga-as isem n « Ileyzam » minzi ittwala day-s aṭṭas n tebratin am tɣuzi d lebni d taẓẓut d tarezzut …
Ssufɣen-d aṭṭas n iɣennijen ggin day-sen tizemmar ḥma ad qqnen jar tsuta ten-iɛdun d tsuta-nnsen, ssidfen llɣa n wallun n yizlan d imedyazen rnin xaf-s imassen n uɣennej d imaynuten am ṭṭamṭam, banju, agiṭar.. D llɣa d aɣiwani ijebbed wi t- islan minzi imqudda la di tiddi-nnes ula di tebratin d isental-nnes, ssifen deg iɣennijen -nnsen mɣar tibratin ittacmen ayezzim n uydud Arifi am :
- Tɣawsa tamaziɣt deg uɣennij : Uletma tmaziɣt .
- imunas n uydud, laẓ d uɣarreb d useḥqar d wenɛarq deg iɣennijen : iwa ruḥ, necc uyurɣ, war ttru a mmi ..
Tegga tseḍma n Ileyzam amcan-nnes jar imeqqranen d imeẓẓyanen n uydud Arifi minzi nzemmar ad nini belli taseḍma-ya d yelli-s n lweqt-nnes tesmun mummu n iḥudriyen igrawlyen, ttuɣa marra tarwa n Arrif ffuden i wi zzay-sen ɣa-yacan d wi ɣa issuɣlen imunas-nnsen s ca n tebridt, taseḍma n ileyzam d tinniḍen ssuɣlent imunas-a ɣar tẓuri n uẓawan .
Zegga temsebḍa tseḍma n « Ileyzam » g useggʷas n 1980 , immutti unaẓur Ḥasan Uryu ɣar tseḍma n « In umaziɣ » yerni deg usneflul d isuraf-nnes , awern-as yirar Ḥasan Tibarint aked waṭṭas n inaẓuren am « Mimun Rreḥmuni » .
Deg umeggaru yixḍar unaẓur Tibarint ad isiɣi deg ubrid n uɣennij Arifi waxxa msebḍan imeddukal-nnes aṭṭas ffɣen tammurt telɛen d asitem i yijt n tudert tif tenni jjin di tmurt-nnsen, igga lɛud d amddukel ɛemmars war immexs asneflul d uɣennej xef lemḥayen d imunas d tiqqas i itteddar uydud Arifi deg umezruy-nnes al ass-a, icrec deg waṭṭas n wuraren d tfugliwin s uɣennij Arifi lebda smeqqarant zzay-s tmesmunin ittawi d tisemɣurin d timeqqranin, issufeɣ-d tasfift n « tara » deg useggʷas n 2016 di Biljik ismun day-s iɣennijen-nnes s ijt n tebridt d tamaynut tseggd d tamezdagt .
Tifraz n tegrawla deg uɣennij n Ḥasan Tibarint :
Ad nessiwel deg uɣezdis-a xef Ḥasan Tibarint agrawli icuqen abrid issuren s usennan idder tarẓugi ikkin xef Arrif jar iseggusa n 50 ar lextu tekka xaf-s di temsarin n 1984, yuca s tiqqest d useḥqar issekk lmexzn xef tarwa n Arrif di lweqt- nni, ura d netta inna uhu war t-ijji yiman-nnes ad issusem, isɣuyy deg ujenna s tmijja teqḍeɛ
« uɣil x–anɣ ad nessendef ayezzum mala d ṭṭli
ǔɣil ad nenndref, mala nɛebbed tili »
Marra iɣennijen n unaẓur Ḥasan Uryu nettaca day-sen s uxeyyeq d tgrawla ad neydar zzay-sen :
- tilelli (liberté) : iwalen n dduktur « Qayes Merzuq Lweryaci » d ijj n uɣennij yulem day-s tanukra d usfaqi:
« Xseɣ ad ayi–tinim, mayemmi kenniw teṭṭsem ?
Mayemmi tbellɛem imi, ula d ijj war ittxemmam ?»
« tfuct marra nneɣ, walli ḥaca nnsen
ɣar–k ad ten–tejjed, ad ggen min xsen »
Day-s ɛawed anaruz i uydud maḥend war iqeṭṭeɛ layas d ulaɣi ɣar tmunit ḥma ad yaweḍ ɣar tlelli :
« lebda aydud imunen, ɛemmars netta ad t–ɣelben »
« xseɣ ad ayi–tinim man abrid ittawyen ?
Man abrid isscanan i tawmat ad munen ? »
Ula d llɣa-nnes ifsus ittegg deg uterras lḥamas aɣennij-a ismun jar qaɛ tisutiwin d yikʷlan n uɣennij Arifi, ɛemmars ad immet.
- isfuffi–d uɛeqqa : taqessist n uzlawi d umeɣnas « Saɛid Lmusawi » seg uzwel-nnes nettessn belli asentel-nnes yuɣba ula deg ugensu n tqessist teccur s tewlafin d inumak, issemqudda-tt unaẓur Tibarnit s yijn ubeṭṭu di smmus n izegnan :
Amezwaru
« ferrneɣ azdad n waẓli, deg uxeccab n iẓelyawen
A min ɣa–tfaren lxezrat i d–ihnunnyen s imeṭṭawen
Ihnunni–d kid–s wabel, necc rubiɣ netta issnen »
Wiss sin
« inna-ayi cek d amezwar, inneḍni ɛad ad d-asen
ulmeɣ zzay–s abeḥrur i tlata n iɣennijen »
wiss kraḍ
« Ijj i nnewwac iɣḍlen afar, idḥa-ayi d inexsisen
Ijj i tziri war tenni ad teɣli, d tallest war iɛlimen
Ijj i yiɣzar alami yuzeɣ, war iciwar wi iffuden »
Wiss kkuẓ
«Day–k Rebbi, ya laggʷaj n yibriden
War dayi–ccat xef iẓewran, ama nniɣ ɛad ad d–sɣemyen »
Wiss smmus
«I mala cal, tuɣa iẓra ussan i danɣ–icemten
Ad isfuffi s uɛeqqa ittwattun xef idemrawen »
Aɣennij-a day-s aṭṭas n lallaɣ kul amsḥessi mamec zzay-s ɣa-yaca, day-s amezruy day-s tifeqqaɛ day-s tudert ittwacren day-s amsebḍi d lqsuḥyyet n tecli deg yibriden n tudert .
- min neɛna neccin : iksi-tt deg iseggusa n 70 xef ijj n uselmad d Usɛid « Xalid Nunuḥi » i tt-id-iksin xef ḥenna-s. ijt n tqessist day-s tamrarut xef waṭṭas n iseqsan, ittejjan Irifyen ad ssnen ixef-nsen ad d-rren tamagit-nnsen ad sgenfan iyezzimen-nnsen :
iseqsan
« mayemmi azil-nneɣ d llilet ?
Mayemmi lefraḥt–nneɣ d rzeyyet ?
Mayemmi awal–nneɣ d tiseḍḥac ?
Min neɛna neccin ? manis d–nekka neccin ?
timrarutin
Neccin d aytbab n tmurt
Neccin yuzzlen xef urumi
Neccin yarfɛen taɛellamt
Neccin d yiwyen tilelli
Nzemmar ad nini awarn-i tɣuri-ya di tudert d usneflul n Ḥasan Tibarint belli ntta d aẓwer deg uɣennij n Arrif, iksi asafu n uẓawan deg ijj n ubrid d azegrar war ɣar-s ameggaru, deg uɣennij-nnes nettedder tiqqas ikkin xef tmurt n Arrif deg umezruy d ɛad war zzay-sent iggenfi, s ijt n taryazt d tameqqrant isɣuyy s yiwalen tteqqsen deg ulawen, s manaya war nttettu belli anaẓur n Arrif iwca i tɣawsiwin itteddar wamun Amaziɣ di Arrif, ixess ula d neccin ad nerr xef tzemmar-nnes s tkessit n ufus d uswizi zi qaɛ iɣezdisa n tudert-nnes i war d iddikkʷilen ɛemmars.