Imerzuten ila ssawalen x Inyundirtaliyen ameknaw ca n ifɣulen. Axmi d iwdan izeddɣen deg yifran d iwdan i yeggin am irgazen-iseεdanen imezwura. Udsen igurillaten kṭer zi mamec udsen iwdan n yiḍ-a.
“Ttuɣa-ten d iwdan iɣisien, ceḍnen. Wer ten-ttuɣi ca d ‘irgazen-iseεdanen’. D ijjen ḥajet d taεeffant ussan a nebda nettekkʷer s wawal n Anyundirtal”. D manaya i yenna usalay (musée) n umezruy agaman di tjelda imunen (UK) i iḥerzen ijjen wemkan i Homo neanderthalensis.
Iwdan nqaḍan ca n rebεin alef n useggas, yallah ca n settin iseggusa zeg wami ineεmen imussnawen ila arrasa-ya qa d iwdan. Tussna ttuɣa tesseεqar zeg Inyundirtaliyen.
Deg iseggusa-ya imeggura, tarezzut tammel-dd ij n ufuṭu yemxumbel kṭer x ibenneεziziten-nneɣ i yeggʷjen.
Ha aqqa xemsa n imeknawen n twafitin i dd-isseḍharen mayemmi anaw-a i iweḍḍren ttuɣa yiɣis kṭer zi mamec ttuɣa nettɣil.
Lejdud-nneɣ mmelqan akid-sen.
Iwdan n lqern tseεṭac d εecrin ttuɣa ttɣilen ila Inyundirtaliyen d ijjen arrasa temsebḍa x-aneɣ, qell zi Homo sapiens. Maca ca zeg iwdan imezwura maci d manayenni i ttuɣa ttwalan.
Inyundirtaiyen d lejdud-nneɣ maci ttuɣa ddren merra waha deg Eurasie, maca qqa ttuɣa tteṭṭsen aked wayawya, jjin-dd arraw icrec.
Alaḥsab ifessayen ijinitiyen n yeɣsan n Unyundirtal. Homo Sapien ila yettmun deg waṭṭas n twalatin aked inyundirtaliyen i ca n luluf n iseggusa.
S uyenni, ass-a din iwdan kessin ar 2% n ADN d Anyundirtal.
Wer nessin ca mayemmi nqaḍan Inyundirtaliyen zegga εicen ca n teltmiyya uxemsin alef useggas. Manaya wer itteεqib ca ɣer tizemmar timassanin n Isapyanen amec i ttuɣa nettɣil zi lebda.
Ca n tmuɣliwin iḍ-a ttwalant ila itεin umi ila wer ttemsariwen ca s waṭṭas, εwed iwdan-a n yiḍ-a ila kessin zzag-sen igelwan, tticen-asen lehlakat d imaynuten.
Ca n tɣuriwin qqarent ila abeddel n uklima i ten-isweḍḍren.
Deg ijjen tɣuri i yettwafsaren azzɣat di tesɣunt tamassant Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, ca imerzuten εawden lebni i weklima n Uruppa tamelwasut n qbel i umezruy d nitni sfessayen tisalayin (stalagmites) n tnayen n yefran di Rumaniya.
Ufin ila jjihet-a teẓra tnayen n wakuden mani ttuɣa yessmeḍ lḥal s waṭṭas di lweqt wami yalleh mamec weḍḍren Inyundirtaliyen.
Deg wakud ijerrsen, Isapyanen imken ttuɣa mseddaren aked wejris alaḥsab macca i ila tetten i yemsebḍan, zi min ttuɣa i dd-iɣemmiyen d azegza aked iselman, maca Inyundirtaliyen ttuɣa ttεeqqaben x imudar isuṭṭuḍen iqemqamen ijafen s uklima (ameknaw Imamuten).
Rick Potts i yellan d amrezzu deg usalay anamur n umezruy agaman di Smithsonian (Amarikan) yenna imken arrasa-nneɣ maci zeεma umi d imiɣisen x Inyundirtaliyen i nεic : Maca neccin yalleh nenjem-dd waha.
Zemmren ad gemren ad nɣen zi laggʷaj
Alaḥsab ijjen tɣuri i teggsa tasdawit College of London di 2019, Inyundirtaliyen saqaren-dd lesnaḥ bac ad nɣen zi laggʷaj.
Wwḍen imussnawen ad ssnen manaya wami ggin ijjen tɣuri x flictat n ukeccuḍ min xef beqqcen di Schoningen deg Uliman deg iseggusa n tesεin. Wcin-asent i flitcat-nni ca n teltmiyat alef n useggas zi mani.
Taseḍma-nni tsaqar-dd flticat am tinni uca εayaren-tent, ufin ila zemmrent ad gemrent xirebbi n imudar zi laggʷaj.
Flitcat-nni zemmrent ad gemrent ca n umudar x εicrin n imitrawen.
Annemieke Milks, tamerzzut i yeggin lxedmet-a, tenna i BBC belli twafit-a temmal-dd anict Inyundirtaliyen ttuɣa-ten iɣisen s waṭṭas.
Inyundirtaliyen ila nettyen imettinen-nnsen
Ijjen zeg iraqqen n Inyundirtaliyen i yettwassnen wenni n ijjen uwessar zi La Chapelle-aux-Saints, ittwafen di 1908, mindi illa min iqqimen zeg ijjen wergaz dag-s ca n tferɣi deg weεrur-nnes.
Imeddukal n Unyundirtal-a ɣzin-as ijjen wemḍel, ḥḍan-as arrimet-nnes zeg isiwanen. D aya i tenna tasɣunt n Proceedings of National Academy of Scicence di 2014.
Maca wanita maci d ameknaw weḥḥd-s n Inyundirtaliyen.
Deg yefri n Teshik-Tash (Uzbikistan). Ijjen uḥenjir d Anyundirtal ufin-tt netyen-t, ssunuḍen x-as iqaccawen n ijjen tɣaḍt, ḥaca di Regourdou (Di Fransa) ttuɣa ufin iɣsan n yijj n wurs (Ours) ssenḍen-ten x lxecbet n umettin.
Imussnawen msetfaqen ila ibabaten-nneɣ i daneɣ-dd-yudsen deg uṭewwer ttuɣa nettyen imettinen-nnsen amenni waha mala walu qqaε ijjen uzgen zeg wakud i yesseεdan.
Ad yili ttuɣa ttenhellan deg iwessura d imeεḍar
Imussnawen wwḍen ad ssnen ila qa inyundirtaliyen illa llan d ddrafat kṭer zi mamec ttuɣa nettɣil.
Di 1957 ca n irkyulugen ufin deg ijjen yifri di Shanidar, di Kurdistan iḍeffren i Lεiraq, min iqqimen zeg ijjen Unyundirtal dag-s ca n igezzimen.
Alaḥsab ijjen tɣuri di 2017 yegg-itt Erik Trinkaus ixeddmen di tesdawit n Washington di Saint-Louis d Sébastien Villotte deg wammas aamur n trezzut tamassant Tafransist (CNRS) ufin ila aterras-a d aḍehcur.
Waxxa inneεḍar, maca idder ar rebεin iseggusa, ijjen lεumur drus xmi ɣer-s ttakkʷaḍen iwdan n lweqt-nni.
Alaḥab tnayen-a n Intrpulujiyen, ttuɣa wer izemmer ad yaweḍ ad yedder anict uya qqaε bla tamεawant n ḥedd-nniḍen.
Awessar n La Chapelle-aux-Saints ttuɣa ula d netta ttenhellan dag-s imeddukal-nnes d ismunen-nnes.
Alaḥsab taseḍma n imerzuten i ttuɣa ittbeqqcen deg uraq-a, ẓrin ila iyezzimen-nnes d teɣmas i wer ɣer-s illin, ittεqqab ɣer lεumur-nnes. Sseḍhren-d ila qa netta ttuɣa ttenhellan dag-s jjmaεet min ked ttuɣa yettεic
Ttuɣa-ten d artistat
Ca n tnayen urebεin alef useggas, Inyundirtaliyen ttuɣa zemmren ad saqaren iqcucen zi teɣmas n imudar, d ijɣulen zi lεaj.
Ijjen tɣuri tettwafsar deg ijjen tesɣunt d tamssant di 2018 temmel-d ila qa ttuɣa ressmen x ifran di Spanuya, ca εicrin alef useggas qbel ma ad yaweḍ bnadem n yiḍ-a ɣr Uruppa.
Arsumat-a ttuɣa tteggen-tent s ca n ssbaɣet d tazeggʷaɣt, ressmen ca n furmat.
Timeslayin-a n tẓuri, d ayenni ttuɣa kessin imerzuten bac ad mmlen ila bnadem n yiḍ-a ttuɣa-t d miɣis.
“Ttwaliɣ ila tiwafitin-a ittbellaε amherwaḍ x Inyundirtaliyen”. D aya i yenna João Zilhão i yellan d amrezzu di tseḍma n tesdawit n Barsiluna i yufin ddegg-a n arrsumat.
“Qa wer ten-ttuɣi ca qqel zzag-neɣ di tiɣist niɣ di tussna. Maca nitni d ijjen arrasa n yewdan i wer iqqimen qqaε lux”.
Inyundirtaliyen, d artistat imezwura deg umezruy, d aya i yesseḍhar tussna lux.