Wami dewlen iwdan imezwura aqqa-ten zzat i ca n yemxumbal i yeqqnen ɣer twennaḍt, wer ufin mɣar ad smeɣren ddat-nnsen, smeɣren akid-s ula d alli-nnsen idewlen d ameqqran kter, maca yemxumbel ɛawed kter.
Alliten knin, mxumblen, zemmren ad msurrufen, ad stukan aṭṭas n tumlayin. Manaya ila yella d lmzeyyet d tameqqrant ɣer yewdan imezwura di mamec ttemsurrufen jar-asen, niɣ aked iberraniyen min ked ttmsaḍafen.
Itripla walli n bnadem deg wakud n uṭewwer-nnes. Ass-a alli-nneɣ neccin, iwdan n yiḍa, neɛelm alli ameqqran, wenn yemxumbel jar tmezwura iddren (primates vivants).
Tiddi n walli tegma ɣir s cwayt cwayt
Jar 6 d 2 melyun n iseggusa
Dewlen iwdan imezwura, deg wakud-nni, bdan gguren amen bedden, ttfabrikan ca n imassen hewnen. Tiddi n walli temɣer cwayt, maca ḥa s drust.
Temɣer n tiddi n walli d arrimet
Jar 2 Melyun ɣer 800 000 useggʷas
Deg wakud-a wa, mzellaɛen iwdan deg umaḍal amen yekmel, mmelqan aked twennaḍin d jjdid deg waṭṭas n tmenẓawin (continents). Imɛaliten-a, qqnen ɣer zzyada di tiddi n ddat, maca weyyen, zeg ijjen uɣezdis-nneḍni, ḥma tiddi n walli n bnadem ad temmerni.
Tiddi n walli iggam deɣya deɣya
Jar 800 000 useggʷas ar 200 000 useggʷas
Tiddi n walli n bnadem teṭewwer deɣya deɣya deg ijjen wakud min g illa ijjen ubeddel n uklima d adrami. Ejjin alliten-a imeqqranen, imxumblen iwdan imezwura deg wakud-a ad msurrufen jar-asen, ad msurrufen aked twennaḍt-nnsen s ijjen tebridt-nneɣni. Wami yedwel, iqqseḥ a nessen mamec i ɣa yili uklima, manaya ijja alli n lejdud-nneɣ ad yemɣer deɣyya s uyenni i yeqqimen ddren.
Maɣer zzyada-ya temsar x tiddi n walli ?
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Immal-d ugrafik n ḍarreɛ mamec aklima n tmurt inneqleb di 3 melyun n useggʷas ameggaru. Xzer mamec aneqbel-nni igeɛɛed jar 800 000 d 200 000 n useggʷas. Maḥend a nebda agrafik-a, ttuɣa ixess imussnawen ad ɣren imaɣuzen (fossiles) n ca wurganen d imeẓẓyanen ttwafen deg yefran isullsen n ukyanus (océaniques)
Igrafiken n wadday mmalen-d zzyada n tiddi n walli di 3 melyun n useggʷas i yeɛdan, jarkṭer jar 8000 d 200 000 n useggʷas. Ijjen walli d ameqqran izemmer ad imsurruf aked tumlayin d timaynutin i ɣa yilin d lemzeyyet d tameqqrant deg wakud n ubeddel n uklima adrami. Ḥma ad yettwabna ugrafik-a, ɛebren imussnawen inuqqbilen n walli n 160 n bnadem amezwaru.
Anẓaten x walliten d iqdimen
“Indukasten” d ca n kupiyat mserwasen n daxel n walliten n bnadem iqdimen d inni n wamenɛad. Dag-sen i di tella tiddi d furma n walliten i ttuɣa yellan deg uqecqac n lejdud-nneɣ.
Mamec ttwaggen indukasten-nni?
Alliten-nni wer tteɛiqqiben ca am yeẓra, ad dewlen d imuɣizen. Ttehruran, ttejjan ijjen unuqqib ɣer daxel i tqabsat n uzellif.
Ca n twalatin, tettɛemmer tarrist (sédiments) inuqqiben n walli, uca tteqsiḥen. S manaya tteggen umi neqqar ijjen indukast zɣer-s waha. Ttsaqaren-d imussnawen ca n indukasten ḥuma ad ten-ɣren, am yenni illan s nnej.
Maḥend ad nawi ijjen leɛbar iqaden i tiddi n walli, ttekksen imussnawen indukast n weqcac, uca ttzemmamen aksay-nnes (volume) mamec sxeddamen ijjen utumudunsitumitri (tomodensitométrie) maḥend ad ɛebren daxel n uqecqac.
Semqudda alli-nnec aked wenni n ucimpanzi
Iwdan zi “tmezwura” d Icimpanziyen zeg imudar i daneɣ-yudsen aṭṭas i neccin.
Alli n bnadem amezwaru ttuɣa yerwes deg wenni n ucimpanzi. Maca aked lweqt, alliten n yewdan d inni n ucimpanzi gmin s waṭṭas n tebridin imsebḍan.
Tazzla n tmerniwt n walli
(© Copyright Institution Smithsonian)
(© Copyright Institution Smithsonian)
Izdayen
Taqcurt n walli timɣezzet (temporal) day-s drus n tmetta tacemlalt, manaya ixes ad yini belli wer din bu ca n yezdayen (connexions) jer teɣrasin tiɛasabiyin.
Ɛelmen iwdan aṭṭas zi tmetta-ya tacemlalt di teqcurt n walli timɣezzet, s uya d lemzeyyet di min iqqnen ɣer yezdayen jar teɣrasin tiɛasabiyin d tzemmar ḥuma ad msurrufen aked waṭṭas n tmulayin.
Tiddi-nnes !
Iwezzen walli amjahdi n ucampanzi n ubliɣ: 384 g (0,85 lb)
Iwezzen walli amjahdi n bnadem n yiḍ-a: 1 352 g (2,98 lb)
Mayen itteḥwaja d lemzeyyet n ijjen walli d ameqqran
Min teɛna lemzeyyet n ijjen walli d ameqqran?
Izemmer walli n bnadem n yiḍa ad ittegg manaya:
– Ittestuka aṭṭas n tumlayin d tiqdimin ;
– Ijemmeɛ, ittmsurruf aked tumlayin, ittic tanaṭṭuft (résultat) deg uzgen n usigund.
– Ittaf ifessayen i yemxumbal, ad ixarres di txarrisin ad yegg ifuṭuten d iwengimen (abstraits).
Izemmer ad yegg mana kṭer ɛad zi manaya
Mayen itteḥwaja beɛda?
– Alli ameqqran isekkef aṭṭas n yinirji. Aqqa alli-nnec iwezzen ca n 2% zi min twezzen arrimet-nnec amen tekmel, maca ittɣasṭar 20% n wuksijin-nnec, isekkef 20% ɛawed zeg idammen ittazzlen deg iẓuran.
– Alliten imeqqranen ttexsen ad inin izellifen d imeqqranen, manaya itteggen tarwa ɣer yewdan d tmezwura ad yili yeqseḥ, iccur s leḥriq.
Tala: Klika da