Yura Ludwig van Beethoven aṭṭas n tsemfuniyin, maca tasemfunit tis tesɛa i yura deg useggas n 1823. Tuɣa ɣer-s ijjen wemkan weḥḥed-s deg umezruy, la deg wakud-nni i di tt-yura i d-yusin zzat niɣ awerni i tegrawliyin Turappawyin. Beethoven yugem-d zi tqessist tameɣnujt n « yezli n lefraḥet » i yura wezlawi Aliman Friedrich Schiller ḥuma ad dd-issufeɣ asenflul-a.
D tasemfunit i ttuɣa ittxes Hitler, issxedm-itt i tnazit deg ifilmawen-nnes n arriklam. D nettat ig idewlen d yizli anamur n tegduda n Rudsiya deg wakud n Ian Smith i di ttuɣa abarru n arrasa (racisme). Asexdem n tsemfunit-a wer ibedd ɣer ifilmawen Inaziyen n arriklam waha. Maca nettaf tasemfunit-a ula di lexdayem n isistimen idimukraṭiyen, ameknaw afilem n « taleccint tuṭumatikt » (Clockwork Orange) n umessufeɣ Amarikani ameqqran Stanley Kubrick. Aneqqis-a iggur ad issiwel x mani i d-tettban tasemfunit-a tis tesɛa n Beethoven deg wudmawen n tudert tamaynut imsebḍan.
Tasemfunit tis tesɛa d iẓuran n tlelli
Axarres n « tlelli » izedɣen tasemfunit n Beethoven yugem-d ixef-nnes zeg ibeddilen i yegga bab n tqessist. Azlawi Aliman Friedrich Schiller deg useggas n 1803. Ittsemma qbel i ɛicrin iseggusa zegga i ɣa isala Beethoven tisemfuniyin-nnes.
Wami ifser taqessit-a Schiller, yenna belli netta wer x-as irḍi ca. Uca iɛawed-as tira, issidef dag-s aṭṭas n ibeddilen ameknaw awenni (expression) n « merra irgazen ttɛeqqaben d awmaten » i yeṭṭfen amkan i « imeɛɛacen ad dewlen d awmaten n igeldunen ».
Mamec ikkes awenni n « aneflet zi sslasel n yemcumen ». D netta immal-aneɣ-dd ila tilelli ttuɣa tettegg izza, ittanef a x-as issiwel nican. Maca mamec felten ca n yezlan igrawliyen di tqessist-a zi tmecraḍ n wedras (censure) ?
Adras i ttuɣa isrusan fus x tmezgunin n Schiller jar aseggas n 1793 d 1808. Sseɛdan-as aṭṭas n iwalen i nzemmer ad nini ila ttuɣa-ten d iwalen d « igrawliyen » s leɛbar n zzman-nni. Maḥend ad tedwel taqessist-nnes d azamul zeg izumal n tegrawla Tafransist deg wakud-nni.
Beethoven netta ttuɣa issen taqessist tamezwarut d tenni ittwaseggmen s tnayen. Min d-immalen manaya, umi ixes Beethoven ad dag-s issidef ij n yizli zi tqessist tamezwarut. Iɛejb-as izli-nni iqqaren : « siɣit ay aytma x webrid-nnwem » deg wemkan n uwenni i isegged Schiller : « raḥet ay aytma ».
Bla izli-ya, iksi Beethoven taqessist n Schiller amen tekmel i ttuɣa nzemmer ad nettwala ila wer dag-s bu nnefs n tegrawla. Anict n tenni tamezwarut, maca tettic ijjen teycit s tummeḍlent (universalité). Da, iqqar ukadimi Gail K. Hart belli tawengimt-nneɣ icerken tettraḥ aṭṭas aked wudem n Beethoven n « yezli n lefraḥet » kter zi tqessist tamezwarut n Schiller.
Weṭṭu n lḥiḍ n Berlin, d tasenyant n tlelli
Deg umumintu i di yewḍa lḥiḍ n Berlin deg useggas n 1989 maci d ij n umumintu ikka iɛda waha, qa dag-s i di fesren belli amenɣi asemmaḍ safi ikemmel. Tebda-dd talibiralit tamaynut min xef issiwel Francis Fukuyama i yettwala ila d « ameggaru n umezruy ». Danita i di nzemmer a nessen anict d lhimmet i ɣer-s ɣa useggas n 1989. Minzi ɛawed, terr-d tessreɣ tifawin x tsemfunit n Beethoven tis tesɛa i midden d tufrint (élite) s kulci. Dewlen ɣer tsemfunit minzi nettat tettic ij n wagla d amezruyan i umerni (le victorieux). Zegga nitni ttuɣa yalleh mamec ttemseddaren aked uweṭṭu n lḥiḍ n Birlin.
Danita, amaystru Leonard Bernstein yegga di Dujember 1989 ij n wefsar d ameqqran, mani taseḍma-nnes ttuɣa ttiraren x tnayen izegnan n lḥiḍ-nni i yewḍan.
Bernstein yerr-d awal n « tlelli » (Freiheit) deg wemkan n wawal n « lefraḥet » (Freude). I ttuɣa yettwassidfen di tqessist n tsemfunit yettwassnen s yisem n « yizli n lefraḥet ». S uya Bernstein yerr-dd taynit i midden ɣer « tlelli » i yellan d kluci di tudert.
Mayen yejjin Bernstein ad yegg manayenni, alaḥsab laggwaj arumantiki amezruyan i ttuɣa ɣer-s ɣer weṭṭu n lḥiḍ n Berlin, min d-ittasen aked buḥbel n Beethoven i yettexsen tilelli d unufsel, ɛawed mamec yettwassen x Schiller umi ttlɣan azlawi n « tlelli ».
Xenni, ttuɣa walli ssemɣaren s tsemfunit n Beethoven deg imezgunen waha. Nettaf inhezziyen Ilimaniyen sxedmen « izli n lefraḥet » d ij n yizli i zi ɣa ɣewwɣen, i zi ɣa sɣuyyen, ad zzag-s ggen ula d ficta. Manaya ittban-d zegga ulyen ca n iḥudriyen x lḥiḍ n Berlin bdan ttɛawaden ttɣennjen « yezli n lefraḥet » s llɣa n Beethoven. Maḥend ad yili umumintu i di ɣa yewḍa lḥiḍ n Berlin d ij n umumintu i d-immalen anict i teswa tasemfunit n Beethoven deg wulawen n yiwdan. Temmal-d ula d tarennawt (victoire) d tlelli s merra idsent.
Wami yegga Bernstein afsar-nni walli ḥaca immal-d mamec terra ddewla n Uliman izli-ya d azamul (symbole) n trennawt. Maca nettaf tasemfunit-a teḥḍar di lweqt n Hitler i ttuɣa i das-itteɛjieb la d netta tasemfunit-a, yejj-itt ad teḥḍer deg ifsaren d wunsiben am liraret Tawlampit di Berlin deg useggas n 1936.
Maca qa walli d Tanazit waha i ttuɣa i d-isḥeṭṭaren tasemfunit-a waha, nettaf deg useggas n 2000. Yirar wemɣar n wurkistra Abriṭani Simon Rattle tasemfunit-a tis tesɛa di lqecla n wekraf Mauthausen. Maḥend ad issemɣar aktay wis 55 zeg i d-innufsel netta zeg uḍuf n Inaziyen.
Wami yexḍar tasemfunit-a issdhec zzag-s aṭṭas n midden, axmi d ij n usizdeg n yiman ig ittegg zeg ifeqqusen i yeggin Inaziyen di lqeclat n wekraf, wami i d-issnewju « yizli n lefraḥet » n Beethoven ɣir maḥend ad isseḥḍar tilelli d unufsel. Di twalat d icten ad isnufsel ula d tasemfunit-a zeg Inaziyen i ttuɣa i tt-ittiraren.
Tasemfunit tessawal ula x tamunt n Tawruppit
Maci ɣir isistimen inaziyen d idiktaturiyen i yiraren tasemfunit n Beethoven, maca ttuɣa teḥḍar ula deg isistimen Idimukratiyen i yellan deg umezruy n yiḍ-a. Mayen yejjin la d tamunt Tawruppit ad terr zeg « yezli n lefraḥet » d llɣa-nnes unsib.
Tamunt Tawurppit tettwala ila tasemfunit-a wer lli d azamul n tamunt-nnes i yellan d ij n wapparay d aseyyasi waha, maca ɣer Uruppa s lmeɛna-nnes amiriw, « yizli n lefraḥet » issawal ula x lxezrat n Schiller maḥend ad ilin iwdan d awmaten n wayawya.
deg useggas n 1972, yerra aseqqim Awruppi « izli n lefraḥet » n Beethoven d yezli-nnes. Deg useggas n 1985, ggin-t imɣaren n tamunt n Tawruppit d yezli unsib n tmunt Tawruppit. Waxxa tunɣilt i dag-s di tmunt Tawruppit wer dag-s ca taqessist n Schiller, maca llɣa i dag-s i yewca tuɣa-t kafi ad issiwel x watigen (les valeurs) Iwruppiyen d tlelli d wafra d twiza d tawmat. Ttiraren yezli-ya di fictat tunsibin i di tcerrek tamunt Tawruppit niɣ di temsarin Turuppawiyin.
Maca anict i ɣa nessen ila izli-ya ittas-d aṭṭas aked tnettit n tmunt Tawruppit, neẓra min imsaren deg uberlaman Awruppi umi rrin s uɛrur inni ttuɣa ixsen ad teffeɣ Briṭaniya zi tmunt i yezli n llɣa n Beethoven i ttuɣa yellan d izli n tmunt Tawruppit umi reẓmen aberlaman.
Tasemfunit d uɣewweɣ
Inhezziyen imeskanen (les manifestants) Ilimaniyen maci weḥḥd-sen i yessxdmen « yezli n lefraḥet » zegga ttuɣa iweṭṭa lḥiḍ n Berlin, maca iku-nnes iwweḍ ar ibuda n Ccinwa, nettaf deg imeskanen n Ccinwa deg useggas n 1989 zegga ɣewwɣen imeḥḍaren dinni, sxedmen imeskanen tasemfunit n Beethoven tis tesɛa ḥuma ad kksen isiwaḍ n ukabar Acyuɛi.
Maci imeḥḍaren Icinwiyen ixḍaren tasemfunit n Beethoven amenni waha, maca ssḥeṭṭaren-tt minzi tasemfunit temmal-d tagrawla tadelsant di Ccinwa deg iseggusa n settin, s uya ttuɣa asistim Acinwi ttuɣa ixezzer ɣer tsemfunit axmi tus-d kunṭra i tegrawla. Manaya yeḍhar-d mliḥ di temsarin n Tian’anmen di 04 yunyu n 1989.
Di Tcili, deg wakud n Augusto Pinochet, ttuɣa din aṭṭas n temɣarin i ttuɣa yettexsent ad ssnent mani illan irgazen-nnsent d ibabaten-nnsen iweḍḍren, ttuɣa kessint ca n llafitat, ttɣennjent di tmeskanin-nnsent yezli n lefraḥet s llɣa n Beethoven zzat i yebniqen i di ttwaḥebbsen aṭṭas n imeɣnas isertanen, min ijjin amezruyan amusiki Amarikan Lewis Lockwood iwca ij n wawal yulleɣ di lḥeqq n tsemfunit tis tesɛa, inna ila tasemfunit-a ttuɣa ttiraren-tt la inhezziyen imeɣnasen i ttuɣa ixsen ad beddlen isistimen niɣ ula d leḥkam unsib.
Yura-t : Ɛutman Amekkur
Asuɣel : Andic
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