Nnkur, ila tella d ijjen l’imara d tamezruyant n Ayt Saleḥ, i d-ibanen deg useggʷas n 710 x ufus n Saleḥ Ben Mensur di Temsaman, di jjihet n Arrif, d nettat d ddewla tamezwarut i yettwabnan zegga ɣewwɣen Imaziɣen x Beni Umiyya, mamec i ttuɣa ddewla-ya n Nnkur tella x webrid Asunni Amaliki, maci ameknaw ddewlat-nniḍen am Ayt Midrar d Iberɣwaṭiyen ittwabnan x tebridt n Ixarijiyen isefriyen.
Ttuɣa Temsaman d nettat i yellan d amkan mani llan igelliden n Nnkur ar mani ibna Saɛid Ben Dris tamdint n Nnkur jar iɣzer n Nnkur d iɣzer n Ɣis s ca n ikilumitren udrusen x lebḥer, maca deg useggʷas n 865 yekka asugi n Viking Inurmandiyen ca n simana.
Tedwel Nnkur tiriw ar mani tiweḍ ibuda n Imeknasen, ijjen am Lbekri issawal x tjiyugrafit n Nnkur mani inna ila dag-s ɛecra n wussan n tekli.
Amkan-nnes ajiyugrafi yejj-itt ad tili d raqq mani ttemseksin Isunniyen i ttuɣa yellan deg wandalus d Iɛabidiyen Ifaṭimiyen di Ifrikiya (Tunes yiḍ-a) i yellan d Iciɛiyen. Xenni deg useggʷas n 929 iwweḍ ijjen am Msala Ben Ḥebbus, ad tt-yeṭṭef deg yiger n umseksi-nnes aked Imawiyen n wandalus.
Waxxa tbedd Nnkur deg wudem n Ifaṭimiyen, maca Imawiyen n wandalus ttuɣa ttemswizan aked Musa Abi Lɛafiya, amɣar n Imeknasen i yudfen Nnkur aseggʷas n 940 s yisem n Imawiyen n wandalus.
Uca ammi i ttuɣa Nnkur, d amkan n umseksi aseyyasi ar 1094, ar mani udfen din Imrabḍen aked Yusef Ben Tacfin.
Min teɛna Nnkur ?
Aṭṭas n imerzzuten qqaren belli tamdint n Nnkur, aqqa-t lux adu i waman n uggug n ɛebdelkrim Lxeṭṭabi ; ila qqaren-as deg umezwaru « Lmersa n Musa » minzi zeɛma yekk-d senni ‘Musa Ben Nusayer’ x ijjen zeg idurar-nni.
Maca, amek nessen, di zzman-nni, Arrif ila yeḍfer tamurt n Ṭanja, d manaya i ttuɣa yellan waxxa zegga i idewlen Irifiyen d imselmen.
Ttuɣa din ijjen wemsawaḍ jar Imawiyen i d-yusin s yisem n Tmeslemt d Irifiyen, mani imsetfaq ɛuqba Ben nafiɛ d Yulyan, agellid Arifi, ḥma ad msuluḥen, s uyenni i iqqaren ila wer din bu ttuɣi ca n umseksi x ucal n Arrif.
Nnkur ila dag-s tineddam ameknaw Mlilet, Temsaman d Bades d ca n lemrasi am Kerḍ d Werk (Herk).
Luxa, nettaf ila din rebɛa n yemrabḍen n igelliden n Inkuriyen, zi 15 i yellan di Arrif, am umḍel n Saleh Ben Mensur i yellan di Temsaman, ṭṭerf-nnes ittwamḍel mmi-s Lmuɛtasim i yemmuten awern-as s 3 chur.
Maca agellid Dris, yettwamḍel di Sidi Dris, i yella yeksi amkan-a isem-nnes, mani qqaren belli arrimet-nnes wer din teqqim, ksin-t midden-nni irezzun x leknuz. Berra i Sidi Dris, din amḍel n wayyaw, Saɛid Ben Dris Ben Saleh x webrid n ssaḥili.
Melmi i tt-ggin ?
Deg wakud-nni wer nessin ca Arrif mamec yegga nican. Min ɛnant tiqebbal i dag-s d min teɛna marka n Tmaziɣt i yessawlaen iwdan deg wakud-nni, din wi iqqaren (am Benxeldun) ila Saleḥ ben Mensur yus-d zi Lyaman ḥma ad igg ddewla di Arrif. Maca aya ittban-d yeggʷej x tidett. Mamec ɣa ggen ca n iwdan ad qeblen ijjen wer yelli zzag-sen ad t-rren d amɣar x-asen ?
Din wi iqqaren ila Hessan Ben nnuɛman Lɣessani i ttuɣa yellan d amɣar x Afrikiya (tunes) deg wakud n ɛebdelmalek ben Merwa d tarwa-nnes d netta i t-isqaden ɣer Arrif.
Maca ameggaru-ya ma ad isqad ijjen d Aɛrab wer issin iles n ayt bab n tmurt niɣ d ijjen d Maziɣ d ameslem yegga am nitni ?
Ittban-d ila axarres wis sin d netta i yudsen cwayt i tidett, jer kter mala nessen ila Saleh Ben Mensur qqaren ca n imerzuten ila netta d anefziw am tqebbal n Arrif d aya i yenna Ziyyani d « tterjmana tameqqrant » uca iḥesb-it netta d amezwaru i d-yudfen Arrif, di Temsaman.
Xelli Benxeldun d Ben Lxaṭib qqaren zeɛma ila Saleh Ben Mensur netta d Aɛrab zi Lyaman, maca Lyeɛqubi iqqar x ttasilet n Saleh « qqaren ila netta d anefziw » netta [zeɛma Lyeɛqubi] iraḥ ɣer Ayt Nnkur, yeḍra di temnaḍt-a deg useggʷas n 891.
Lbekri, iqqar ila Isenhajen d Iɣmiren d Inefziwen nnjemɛen x Saleh Ben Mensur, rrin-t d agellid x-asen, s umsedder aked Imawayen n wandalus. Iqqar Lbekri :
« x ufus-nnes selmen Imaziɣen-nnes nitni d Isenhajen, Iɣmiren, uca azgen ameqqran-nnsen jjin ddin zegga x-asen tekter ccariɛa n tmeslemt, uca ggin x ixef-nnsen ijjen wergaz qqaren-as Dawud ittwassen s Rrendi … Ssufɣen Saleḥ zi tmurt uca ihda-ten Rebbi, tuben zi ccirek-nnsen… Rrin-d Saleḥ-nnsen ».
Ameggaru-ya yeqqim di tmurt-nni ar mani immut deg useggʷas n 749, ittwamḍel x cceṭ n lebḥer, di ladas i ddcar umi qqaren Ijeṭṭi.
Tbedd Nnkur x Inefziwen i di llan aṭṭas n tarfiqin zzag-sen : Ayt Weryaɣel, Ayt Yesliten. Malla taqbilt-nnes tamezwarut ɛad tella, maca tenni tis snat wer teqqim tedwel d Temsaman d Ayt Tuzin.
Aked manaya, telɛen-d ɣer-s ɣer Arrif ca n jjmaɛet zeg wandalus, imezwura-nnsen usin-d aseggʷas n 745 minzi ila ileqf-iten din Buheyyuf, ttwasemman s « inedlusan » deg Ayt Weryaɣel, di temnaḍt n Ajdir i ttuɣa ittessnen ijjen arrawaj n tsebbabt d ameqqran, xenni udfen inedlusen-a deg wegdud Amaziɣ n Arrif, uca ttmezzɣen aked wakud.
Zegga i d-yusa Saleḥ Ben Mensur, yeḥkem awern-as Lmuɛtasim Ben Saleh, i ttuɣa ittwassnen s weɛbad-nnes, ila yettẓalla zeg Irifiyen, ixeṭṭeb x-asen di jjemɛa, maca deɣya yemmut uca ad yeḥkem uma-s Dris, xenni ila ixes ad yebna tamdint n Nnkur x tma n yeɣzer maca immut aseggʷas n 765, yus-d awern-as mmi-s Saɛid, maca isemɣan Iskaliben (isemɣan d islaviyen) ugin ad t-bayɛen, uca iẓeyyer x-asen di tqesbin-nnes al mani i ten-yenɣa.
Lebni n Nnkur
Zegga yeḥkem Saɛid, idwel l’islam iwta iẓuran-nnes di Arrif, uca yegga tamdint n Nnkur idewlen d amkan ameqqran. Mamec ibna x yeɣzar n Ɣis ijjen temzgida x lewsifet n temzgida n Skandariya.
Deg useggas n 859 usin-d Viking inurmandiyen s 62 n uɣerrabu, sugen x temdint ca n tmenya n wussan qbel ma ad ɛeqben ɣer wandalus.
Min ten-ismunen aked Idrisiyen
Ayt Nnkur, wer udifen ca aked Idrisyen, maci ameknaw Imeknasen d Iɣmiren i kid-s iraḥen. Aked uyenni, raḥen Isenhajen d Iɣmiren aked wayyaw-nnes ɛumar Ben Dris wis tnayen, maca waxxa Inkuriyen wer riḥen ca aked Idrisiyen maca ttuɣa din min ten-ismunan, mani msemlaken x wayawya, mani yewwya Aḥmed Ben Dris wis tnayen weltma-s n Saɛid umi qqaren M-sseɛd yelli-s n Saleḥ, izdeɣ akid-s di Nnkur ar mani immut.
Amseksi aked Ifaṭimiyen
Zegga i d-iban ɛubayedllah Lmehdi di Tunes, ila yettlaɣa yewdan ad kid-s ilin, uca yura i Saɛid Ben Saleḥ ḥma ad kid-s yadef maca ameggaru teṭṭef-it tɣennant yugi. Xenni yumer ɛubayedllah Lmehdi lɛamel-nnes di Tahert Msala Ben Hebbus ḥma ad imseksi aked Saɛid ; uca iraḥ Msala ɣer Nnkur yudef-itt, nɣin agellid-nnes Saɛid Mmi-s n Saleḥ waxxa ila yeqqim yeṭṭef acbar di Nnkur ar mani immut di 916, xenni ssexlan Nnkur, ukren min dag-s illan, maca ssrewlen twacunt n Ayt Saleḥ ɣer Wandalusen.
Yeqqim Msala di Nnkur n setta n wayyuren ar mani immutti ɣer Tahert, yerra « Dellul » d ameɣar x « Ikutamen » i iḥekmen jer 916 d 917 zi senni imzellaɛ ljic-nnes mani iwweḍ lexbar ɣer ayt Saɛid Ben Saleh di Malaga nitni d Dris Lmuɛtasim d Saleḥ, uca nyin deg iɣerruba uca immelqa aked imɣaren n tqebbal di lmersa n temsaman, semman-as « agujil », xenni raḥen ɣer Dellul lḥakem n Nnkur al mani i t-nɣin. Xenni selben-ten s merra x yeɣzer n Nnkur xenni.
uḍuf n Gurduba
Sugen-d Imeknasen x Nnkur deg useggʷas n 931, yegga x-as Musa Ben Abi Lɛafiya ijen zeyyar, uca yenɣa ɛebdlbadiɛ Ben Saleḥ, ireddej Nnkur, iredl-itt merra. Ben Ḥuqel iruḥen ɣer Nnkur xenni yeẓra mamec tedwel Nnkur xenni.
Zegga yedwel ɛebderreḥman Nnasir lidinllah, d agellid x wandalus, ibedd aked Musa Ben Abi Lɛafiya yenna-as ḥma ad isug twalat-nneḍni x Nnkur min yejjin ad t-ṭṭfen, tedwel Nnkur teḍfer i wandalusen d Ben Abi Lɛafiya.
Deg useggas n 938 zegga yemmut Ben Abi Lɛafiya, ɣewwɣen x ɛabdessamiɛ, nɣin-t uca laɣan-d x Gurtum Ben Ḥmed i ttuɣa yellan d aḍlib di Malaga, bayɛen-t idwel netta d lḥakem x Nnkur ca n 25 n useggʷas, min ten-yejjin ad ɛawden ad bnan Nnkur, ad ssemɣaren zi tsebbabt n ddewla, maca awern-as dewlen Ibernas ad sugen x Nnkur, ar mani i yudfen lemzemmet maca Ibernas wer qqimen ca aṭṭas di Nnkur ar mani x-asen d-ixecc Yusef Ben Tacfin, iredlen Nnkur, wer iqqim ḥedd isla x-as zi xenni deg useggʷas n 1080.
Tadelsa d tussna
Wer nzemmer ad d-neydar Nnkur bla ma ad d-nessiwel x tneddam-nnes am Mlilet, Bades d Lemzemmet… i ttuɣa i itteggen tasebbabt aked umaḍal aqdim deg wakud-nni, mamec Nnkur d imezdaɣ-nnes ila ɣer-sen fus-nnsen ameqqran di tnukkra-nni ila yellan deg wandalusen, maca s tidett araq-nnes ajiyugrafi wer tt-tiɛiwen ca aṭṭas ḥuma ad temɣer, ad tlellec, minzi ila tella lebda d amkan mani ttemseksin Iciɛiyen d Isunniyen, bla ma a nettu isugiten n Imeknasen d Viking zi lebḥer.
Nnkur d umzruy-nnes ittwassinef, ittwaḥrez ɣer ṭṭerf, minzi waxxa nettat i yellan d ddewla tamezwarut tasunnit i ttuɣa yellan di Tmazɣa, ɣelben Idrisiyen x-as, dewlen axmi d nitni i yeggin kulci di tmurt-a.
Bla ma a nettu ila timeḍlin n ijelliden Inkuriyen wer dasen-immewc ca ccan-nnsen ad asen-ɛawden lebni i tmeḍlin-nnsen d asuni i tmkettit n tmurt, mamec amezruy-nnsen ttekken x-as ɛeddun, axmi ca wer yelli.
