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Ttlat 15 Kṭuber 2024

Yugerten, argaz-nni ibedden deg wudem n Ruma.

Yura x-as Rimbaud, ibedd ugellid-a d anumid, deg useggʷas n 160 qbel i tlalit n Ɛisa, zzat i imezran n Irumaniyen ḥuma ad yeṭṭef di tirjit n tlelli n wegdud-nnes. Maca, agellid-a ttuɣa yessen mamec ɣa yegg ad yerni irumaniyen, imeggura-ya wer t-rnin mɣar s lɣedran i iqessen iẓewran i tirja-nnes.

“tamdint-a [zeɛma Ruma] tettemnuza i wi tt ɣa yesɣen!” Aterras-a d amerni n uzarug n Numidiya – tagelda tamaziɣt i yeddalen ijjen wezgen zi tmura n Dzayer, Libiya, Tunes d Lmeɣrib n yiḍ-a – Ilul Yugerten di 160 qbel i tlalit n Ɛisa di Qestenṭina (Xenni ila qqaren-as Sirta), ttuɣa ɣer-s akud qaɛ maḥend ad yini awal-a wa, bla ma ad dag-s ifekker.

Netta d ayyaw aruzrif n ugellid n Massensen, i ttuɣa yeqqnen ɣer Irumaniyen, ibedd akid-sen deg imseksiten-nnsen aked Karṭaj, ttuɣa ttlaɣan-as “ameddukel n wegdud Aruman”. Waxxa netta bla tuzrift maca iɛizz x yewdan di tmurt-nnes, Misipsa, mmi-s n Massensen, ila issekk Yugerten maḥend ad iraḥ ad iɛawen di Hispaniya ajiniral ameqqran Scipion Emilien, ameḥḍay, di temdint, ḥuma ad ibedd ɛawed x tizi n Inumiden.

S tnayen idsen ila ttemsefhamen mliḥ, uca deg uraq n Numansiya (-133) ggin ficta n umures-nnsen dinni. Maca merra manaya iḍeyyeɛ wami Irumaniyen ggin deg uzellif-nnsen ad bḍan tagelda n Numidiya ijehden, i ɣer yella aṭṭas n igelwan, xenni yekker Yugerten ad ibedd kunṭra i ixelwiḍen n Ruma i txes ad tegg.

Zi senni tekker ijjen tnezbayt s lesnaḥ n wuzzal d jjehd n wureɣ

Ḥuma ad yeḥda tamunt n tmurt-a tamiriwt ad yanef i ubeṭṭu-nnes, zi senni awerni i lmewt n Micipsa (-118) yenɣa tnayen n tarwa n ɛziz-s : Hiempsal (-116) zi senni awerni ijjen lḥerkt d taɛeskrit d taquḍaḍt (zi –113 ar –112)  yeṭṭef Sirta, uca ikkes Aḍerbal, maẓuẓ-nnsen, zeg webrid-nnes. Merra manaya sadu tiṭṭawin n Irumaniyen, i ttuɣa yugin x manaya, uca qeḍɛen akid-s nican. Maca netta wami yeṭṭef Sirta, yejja ad ɣersen i isebbaben Irumaniyen, iwa wenni ila yellan d beddu n leɛdawet.

Deg useggʷas n -111, yessek Calpurnius Bastia ɣer Numidiya ijjen tseḍma d tamessifeḍt, umi taseḍma-ya wer teggi walu, iwweḍ Yugerten ḥuma ad iseɣ Lqunsu s wureɣ, d ijjen wafra s ijjen ttaman yesbeḥ. Aya yegga lefḍiḥet di Ruma! Yemsar din ijjen ubrusi s ugufsu (pecunia capta) rebɛa n leqnasel iqdimen, merra yesɣi-ten Yugerten, ḥekmen x-asen.

Twalat-a tanita ijjen tmessifeḍt d tamaynut yegg-itt Aulus Postumius Albunus maca idegdeg-itt Yugerten di Suthul, i wer yeggʷijen ca x Galma. Xenni, yetter zeg usinyat Aruman maḥend ad zzag-s neɛmen d agellid x Numidiya: maca yugi.

Zi senni yessen ila wer ɣer-s min ɣa iraja zi Ruma sennej ɛad, uca yejmeɛ jjehd-nnes maḥend ad d-yerr imukan iruḥen aked usrumen, i yetteḥsab netta imukan-nni d ijjen ucwiḥ zi tmurt-nnes.

Yegga tirenniwin, maca waxxa amenni iqqim yeḥḍa zeg uḍeggʷal-nnes

Deg useggʷas n -108, tewca Ruma i yella yebda ssber-nnes iqeṭṭa i Quints Caecilius Metellus ḥuma ad isbedd bnadem-a i das-itteggen imxumbal ɣer laḥedd-nnes. Tnayen n legyuc yeggur ad mmelqan ɣer yeɣzer n Muthul (umi neqqar ass-a yeɣer n Mellag). Usin-d irumaniyen s waṭṭas, ca n 35 000 n iɛeskriyen n Metellus zeg uɣezdis-nniḍen din ca n 20 000 n Unumid, s twiza n 84 n yelwan n umseksi. Isala umenɣi-ya bla ma ad iban wi irebḥen, zeg uɣezdis anumid ggin leɛjeb deg irumaniyen maca bla ma ad xesren aṭṭas. Zeg uɣezdis aruman, ttuɣa ɣer-sen lhimmet, maca isnejm-iten ijjen “wemɛawen” n Metellus umi qqaren Caius Marius i ɣer-s ɣa yilin ijjen yimal d asertan d ameqqran.

Amseksi-ya ḥesben x-as di Ruma axmi d tarennawt, ggin din fictat qaɛ, maca di tidett n tmeslayin ttuɣa mxumblent nican deg wannar. Xenni Metellus d Marius, yeggur ad sugen x waṭṭas n tneddam tinumidiyin ameknaw Zama, di ẓelmeḍ-uɣelluy n Tunes ass-a.

Da, Yugerten igga ijjen usugi d ameqqran x irumaniyen, yeẓẓu dag-sen ijjen tiggʷdi d tameqqrant, i yella iqebṭanen-nnsen, wer nnin ar mani i t-sbedden. Tiwecca-nnes, beddlen imnayen inumiden zeg utaktik-nnsen, deg wemkan ma ad erren s tindeffert xmi ttsugen, twalat-a qqimen siɣan udfen di leɛdu-nnsen ar lallaɣ.

Yefhem Caecilius Metellus mliḥ lḥal i di ttuɣa yella: yekkes ẓeyyar-nnes, yejja tineddam d ibilajen i ttuɣa yemneɛ, yedwel ɣer “tesgiwn tafrikanin” n Ruma.

Ma yewweḍ Yugerten ad yeṭṭef uṭunumiya-nnes niɣ azarug-nnes qaɛ? Ameggaru-ya ila yettcaca s tmura i yellan x uɣelluy, ikessi ḥadur-nnes zeg uḍeggʷal-nnes, Bukkus, agellid n Mawriṭaniya umi s tnayen n iɛdawen tticen-as awal s mayen isebḥen: Yugerten ittic-as ad yeḥkem x ijjen ucwiḥ zi Numidiya, d Sylla, aqesṭur n Marius, iqqar-as ad as-iwwec ijjen wemkan yuɛlan i tgelda n Imuriyen. Ixemmem mliḥ Bukkus di manaya, maca ɣer umeggaru iraḥ aked tizi-nnes aked Irumaniyen, zi senni di -105, yemdi-as ijjen tsarrawt i Yugerten, iwc-it i Irumaniyen.

Irumaniyen wer ttun ca ameddukel-nnsen, mani issemɣer zi tmura-nnes, ar mani ig iḥret x ijjen wezgen d ameqqran zi tmura n Inumiden. Ḥesben x-as d ameddukel n wegdud aruman, mani i yewca i Sylla, ameddukel-nnes, aṭṭas n lewḥuc min ked ttuɣa ttiraren xenni.

Ma Yugerten, i ttuɣa idegdgen Irumaniyen, iban-d deg wass amezwaru zi yennayer 104 qbel i tlalit n Ɛisa, aked tnayen n tarwa-nnes deg wazzreg n Marius, zi senni nḍaren-t di leḥbes n Tullianim: Jeyyfen-t dini di lmijal n settyam, uca min iqqimen zi tmurt n Inumiden immewc i ijjen “ugellid” i yessersen din irennawen.

Maca Yugerten yeggur ad yeggim d itri i wer ixessyen, ireqq deg ujenna n Tmazɣa, x-as inna Michelet “netta d anegmar ijehdeb qaɛ, amezwaru i iɛernen tiyyira i weyrad”, yenna ɛawed x-as amarical n Bugeaud deg useggʷas n 1843 belli irwes di Ɛabdelqader, yenna x-as azlawi afransis ameqqran Rimbaud di 1869 ila netta d: “ad yili d anumid n lebda, ad t-id-fekkrent tisatalin ila d wenni iddzen irumaniyen di Zama”, mamec i t-ittwala Mohamed Chérif Sahli am “umesqad-nni ameqqran, s usitem n wul anefgan umi neqqar “tilelli””.

Yura-t: Jean-Yves Boriaud (tasɣunt n Historia, N° 932, cutembir 2024, p: 42-43).

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