Ali El bohammouchi
Tamiṭulujit tamaziɣt teccur s imeɣnawen i ɣer yella ɣir mkul ijjen zzaysen tamsekrit itegg it. Ca zeg imeɣnawen-a ttuɣa itɣil-asen i Imaziɣen d tidet, ca zeg-sen ttbanen-asen-dd di tewlaft n imdunen d laryaḥ.
Asuter amezwaru: Agenduz/Afunas aɣzuran d imeɣnawen iqqnen ɣer tuska n umeɣrad
Iɣezwer niɣ ameɣrad-a (Galaxy) di nedder, amyawas-nnes s tulluɣt n ijjen n ugenduz (di ca n umiyen qqaren d ikarri) d abarray d ameqqran iksi-t[1].
Ijj n umiy iqqar aqqa agenduz-a iksi tamurt x ijj n waccaw, xmi ittaḥel ismuttuy-itt ɣer waccaw nneɣni, s uyenni ittemsar unhezzi n tmurt d umizɣ (anubẓ) n tfukt[2].
Umiy nneḍni iqqar aqqa agenduz-a ismuttuy amaḍal zeg waccaw ɣar wenneḍni mkul aseggʷas. Umiy wiss kṛad iqqar aqqa tamerniwt tamaẓayt n waccawen i yessenhezzan tamurt. Ca n umiyen nneḍni qqaren xmi itenhezza ugenduz tettenhezza kides tmurt[3].
Isusiyen qqaren aqqa mala teɣzid di tmurt aṭṭas tzemmared ad tawḍed ɣer waccawen n ugenduz. Agenduz-a ittbedda s tma n kkuẓ n iḍaren nnes sennej i kkuẓ n tmellalin. Ixf n useggʷas d ijt tizi teccur s imizi, minzi amaḍal itmuttuy ɣer waccaw-nneɣni, s uya tettren tamellawt d udgi n ugenduz s usujed n macca tamensayt, ataf ad iḥḍa amyas n umeɣrad.[4]
Deg ugafay n Lmerruk qqaren aqqa tamurt tettali sennej i waman am ca n uɣarrabu tettilant zzays tesfayin. Ataf ad teqqim tbedd yumeṛ wakuc agenduz ad tt-iksi x waccaw-nnes, tinzar n ugenduz-a ɣemsent deg ilel, unfud-nnes itstaqar-dd tawant, asɣunef-nnes ittsaqar-dd tayessa[5].
Inziwen n Leqbayel nettaf zeg-sen illa agenduz anemyar d amatar n ugenduz aɣzuran i illan ula d netta d amatar n ujenna aberkan iccuren s tḥeryaḍin d tizzɣerblin. S uya nettaf Imaziɣen sfaskan s ugenduz di tensayin n umwan deg idurar n Leqbayel, agenduz-a ixess ad yili d abarkan niɣ d abelbac, iklan-a war dd-usin bu ammu waha.
-a neqqim di Leqbayel: deg wass n 17 dujanbir ( 4 yennayer s useggʷas amaziɣ) ittwastigen d ass n tuɣalin n tfukt, tnekkaren-dd iḥenjiren imeẓyanen d temɣarin zik snekkaran akid-sen igenduzen zi tegrurt s teyyita deg ufecku n wezzal s ifassen. Tanukra n igenduzen danita d amatar n tnukra n ugenduz aɣzuran[6].
Agenduz-a ɣars tiɣuni ula aked wedwal n tfukt, tafukt tettedwal s umutti n umaḍal zeg waccaw ɣar wenneḍni.[7]
Taseklut n iɣezwer
Taseklut n iɣezwer niɣ taseklut n umaḍal nettat d ict tseklut tameqqrant tazegrart tettilal tilalt n wammas n iɣezwer, taseklut-a tessenta zi wadday n tmurt qaɛ al tamurt mani netteddar[8] , nettat d tarselt (apilar) i xef irsel (isenned) umeɣrad. Tuɣult n iwdan d imudar d uẓu iqqen ɣar tuɣult n tseklut, mala tuwḍa ad yuwḍa umaḍal qaɛ. S uya nzemmar ad nini xef tseklut-a belli nettat d amatar n tasult di tudart.
Taddagt n ddunit (ammu i das-qqaren deg unzul n Lmerruk), qqaren aqqa amḍan n wafar-nnes anict i yeddaren n yiwdan di ddunit, mkul afgan d afar-nnes, mala yewḍa wafar zi tseklut-a itmetta bab-nnes zeg iwdan. Ca n twalatin iweṭṭa wafar ittemsagar aked wafar nneḍḍni, s uya bab-nnes ittesla i wesbizzi deg umeẓẓuɣ (Tananayt n umeẓẓuɣ).[9]
Di tenfust n memmis n uzellid[10] iqqar ijjen i umas zdat ma ad iffeɣ zi tmazirt: Ad ẓẓuɣ taseklut n tazart deg urti (teḥwict n taddart), ḥḍa-tt uca mala tufid afar nnes d azegza ssen illa aqqa ayi mliḥ, mala islaw ssen illa ad mmteɣ.
Di tenfust n Imeddukal[11]: ijjen iɣres i wenneɣni umi ttuɣa das-itḥeffa aɛecmar, mani t-imḍel teɣmi d dini ict tẓayart n uḍil bla akud-nnes, iccur umenɣu aqbub yuwi-as-t i uzellid, umi t-issexwa zdat-nnes idwel uḍil nni d azellif n wenni yettwanɣen uca ittwafḍeḥ.
Tamnawt deg iḍrisn-a war telli bu d tameggarut n tudart kṭer zi min tella d asenti n tudart d tamaynut di twila tmiɣit. S uya nettaf di tmiṭulujit tamaziɣt aṭṭas n iɣemmuyen aẓur-nsen d tamnawt n iwdan temsar deg wakud n zik[12] : Tibbi teɣmi zeg yeɣɣed n Taglit (tawaya d taɣeddart), taseklut n ubelluḍ niɣ tasaft teɣmi-dd zeg iɣɣed n Babainuba, awri (ari, tagerzi, tamatert, talamt, aweddim) iɣmi-d zeg unẓeḍ n uɛecmar n ijjen iɣdar uletmas ( nettat i t-yeẓẓun),… Iɣemmuyen-a maṛṛa ɣemyen-dd ataf ad rnin di tudart n wefgan s twila nneḍni.
Tamiṭulujit tamaziɣt teqqar aqqa maṛṛa iɣemmuyen d tseklutin lulen d zi tseklut taɣzurant isessun s iɣezran n idammen n midden.
Umiy n tseklut taɣzurant ijja limart-nnes deg Imaziɣen, s uya nettaf Imaziɣen ticcen as addur yemɣar i tseklut.
Din aṭṭas n tseklutin d tifuẓarin ɣer Imaziɣen, msebḍant zi temnaḍt ɣer tenneḍni (Tazart, tasliɣwa, azemmur, argan…) tiseklutin-a tettilint qqnent ɣar ca n temḍelt niɣ ca n umrabeḍ rezzfen-dd ɣer-s iwdan, nettaf ca n twalatin timɣarin taglent ɣer-s ticemmusin d ifilan d iderbalen ataf ad ggenfant zi ca n waṭṭan niɣ ad mercent niɣ ad arunt…
Yemma-s n umaḍal
Yemma-s n umaḍal niɣ yemma-s n dduniyt, d tayemmat turu d dduniyt maṛṛa s min days, d nettat d amentil n waṭṭas n imeɣnawen d tunamin di tmiṭulujit tamaziɣt. Lami temɣar tedwel d ij n twessart d tagezzant d taɛeffant, s uyenni timegga-nnes msebḍant : Timegga d tumnigin d tiṣebḥanin sbeɣren zeg-sent yewdan, d tmegga d tuzdirin d tiɛeffanin ɛeddment atarras ssarzgent tudert nnes.
Yemma-s n ddunit nettat d amentil n tunamt n umizeɣ n tfukt, lami teɣḍel tfukt di tisit n waman, tunamt-a tettas-dd mkul semmus n iseggʷusa, mkul ma temsar tesneqqas-ass zi tudart tanefgant. D nettat i yeggin tamyart n weɣras i usegmi ataf ad ibedd umizɣ.
Iqqar umiy aqbayli[13] : Yemma-s tamezwarut n dduniyt ttuɣa-tt d ij n tgezzant d tameqqrant, ijj n wass teccur aṭebsil d ameqqran n ukeccuḍ s waman, tkecceḍ-it s teɣmas n wemjar al lami igga kuffu yuli aked waḍu ɣar ujennna, zissenni tesnekkar tfukt tɣuyyit, tewḍa deg waman n uṭebṣil, uca texsi tfawt-nnes x umaḍal. Tunamt-a illa temsar mkul semmus n iseggusa.
Ataf ad tedwel tfawt n tfukt ɣer umaḍal yemma-s n dduniyt ixess ad teɣres i ijjen zeg isegman ad t-tewc i tfukt ḥma ad tenqar zeg umaynu.
Kuffu nni idd-yulin aked waḍu ɣer ujenna idwel din d asegnu, tiɣmas n wemjar dewlent d itran, ammas n waman itsiqsiqen idwel d netta i yellan d tfukt, min das dd-yunnuḍen idwel d ajenna. Aṭebsil-a n ukeccuḍ ameqqran d tissit n umaḍal.
Yemmas n umaḍal tejja-dd imudar am iḥuliyen idd-tsaqar s waren n tisent i teḥri, maca iqqim limart n tmelli deg ifassen nnes ilesɣen ula deg iḥuliyen, zisseni idwel uzellif n uḥuli d aberkan.[14]
Yemmas n umaḍal twessa ijj n uḥenjir ad ibreḍ x seksu, manaya ijja-t ad idwel d abaɣus.[15]
Mamek neẓra, timegga n yemmas n ddunit ɣersent aɣeẓdis n ufulki d uɣeẓdis n uẓuḍ, s uyenni ula d imeɣnawen i yellan di ddunit am nettat, deg-sen isebḥanen daysen iɛeffanen, mkul ameɣnaw ittegg min isebḥen ittegg min war yecnin.
Tidjal : Ixmucen issenstamen
Tuɣa nidar-dd “tidjal” di tseddart n tiskiwt n umeɣrad (Asgum amezwaru, asuter amezwaru) nenna xasen qa fruryen-dd zi tmellalin n tkeṭṭuft, tanita d turda zi turdiwin. Tidjal niɣ Ixmucen issenstamen tiddi-nsen d takkuḥt aṭṭas, ca zzaysen zemmaren ad iraren deg ufus mamek qqaren di Leqbayel. Deg unzul n Lmerruk qqaren aqqa war zemmaren ad alyen sennej i ukeskas bla taskala (asellum), niɣ ḥuma bedden ca zeg-sen ijjen sennej i wenneɣni.
Tidjal ttarwen aṭṭas am tkeṭṭufin, teddaren di tuskiwt tameggarut wadday i tmurt, awettas-nsen ad ssenstmen tamurt mani netteddar, ad rren ablulles-nnes, tuzzegzut d uneɛneɛ nnes ɣar tizwi d lazaɣ.
Ataf ad awḍen ɣar tuskiwt n tmurt mani netteddar, tteddaren tudart nsen nitni ttɣeẓẓan aqbu n tseklut n iɣezwer, xmi ttaḥlen ttraḥen ad skutan, xmi d ttekkaren ad siɣin x twuri-nsen ttafen taseklut tedwel mamek ttuɣa tella.
Qqaren aqqa imeɣnawen-a ikkuḥen ad awḍen awettas nsen ass n tuqqat (Ameggaru n umaḍal) , s uyenni twassnen s wassaɣen am “ddujjal” di taqbilt n Iḥaḥan niɣ “ttejjal” d “tidjal” di Leqbayel. Assaɣ-a yusa-dd d alwa zeg wassaɣ n Ddejjal itwassnen di Lislam ad iban ameggaru n wakud zdat i wass n tɣerɣart.[16]
Imeɣnawen-a traɣan-asen di Iḥaḥan ula s “tasut n ayt bu snat n tuglin”, minzi tawalit nsen xafsen belli ɣarsen sin n tuglin d timeẓyanin.[17]
Timessi taremyart
Iqqar ijj n umiy d aqbayli[18] : Deg uzmez amezwaru tuɣa tamurt teccur s waman d tmessi, uca lebda aqqa-tt tesɣuyyu tettru ass d tmeddit war tejji aɛessas n igenwan ad yeṭṭes. Ijj n wass ixes ad yessen min tt-yuɣin ihwa-dd ɣer-s isseqsa-tt, tarra-dd xaf-s tanna-s: tecca ayi tmesi ay aɛssas n igenwan. Umi yessiwel ɣer tmessi isseqsa-tt x umentil n manaya tenna-s : Walu ixxamen (tudrin), walu iɛessasen-nsen. Yarra xaf-s uɛessas : Ad yili wexxam, ad yili uɛessas; kkes aḥaduq-nnem ad ɣzeɣ dsas. Telḥem tmessi, iska uɛessas n igenwan axxam amezwaru igga-s aɛessas. Ḥma ad iska ixxamen-nneḍni inna-s i tmessi ad terni ad telḥem. Tenna-s: mani ɣer leḥmeɣ? Inna as uɛessas : dwel manis dd-tusid ɣar wadday n tmurt. Zi senni iska uɛessas n igenwan aṭṭas n ixxamen, mkul axxam igga x-as aɛessas ataf war teddikʷil tmessi, maca timessi tejjull ḥma tedwel d ass wer ittɣimi sennej i tmurt ca n wexxam s uɛessas-nnes.
Awarni manaya tedwel tmessi d tunfut d tubɣirt tesnenna macca, tesgenfa aṭṭanen, teskana tfawt, war teqqim ca d taremyart.
محمد أوسوس، كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الأمازيغية ضمن منشورات م.م.ث.أ، مطبعة المعارف الجديدة 2008، ص 35 [1]
[2] Servier, Tradition et civilisation berbères: Les portes de l’année, Monaco, Ed. du Rocher, 1985, p.124-125.
[3] tasaɣult tazwirt
[4]محمد أوسوس، كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الأمازيغية ضمن منشورات م.م.ث.أ، مطبعة المعارف الجديدة 2008، ص 35
[5] N. Ghozali Thay-Thay, Contes et légendes du Maroc, Paris, Flies France, 2001, p.18.
[6] T. Yacine, Les voleurs de feu – Ed La Découverte/Awal, p 136
[7] tasaɣult tazwirt
[8] Dwel ɣar usgum amezwaru, asuter wiss sin, taseddart: asnay/tiskiwt n umeɣrad
45 محمد أوسوس، كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الأمازيغية ضمن منشورات م.م.ث.أ، مطبعة المعارف الجديدة 2008، ص [9]
[10] Y. Nacib, Contes de Djarjura, Alger, Ed. Andalous, 1991, p.63.
[11] E. Laoust, Contes berbères du Maroc, op. cit, p181
محمد أوسوس، كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الأمازيغية ضمن منشورات م.م.ث.أ، مطبعة المعارف الجديدة 2008،
49 [12]
[13] Frobenius, Contes Kabyles, op.cit., t. I, pp.48-49.
[14] tasaɣult tazwirt p58
[15] tasaɣult tazwirt
[16]محمد أوسوس، كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الأمازيغية ضمن منشورات م.م.ث.أ، مطبعة المعارف الجديدة 2008، ص 67 – 68
[17] Camille Lacoste-Dujardin , “ Variation et contexte de production dans deux récits d’eschatologie kabyle”, in-a la Croisée des études lybico-berbères, Mélanges offerts à Paulette Galand-Pernet et Lionel Galant, éd. Par Jeanine et Arlette Roth, Paris, Guethner, 1993, pp. 369 – 375.
[18] Y. Allioui, Timsal, op.cit., pp. 58 – 59.