« afriwen n tfawt » d amud d amaynu, yemmerni-dd ɣer tsedlest tamaziɣt deg useggʷas n 2020. Yerbu 50 n tqessisin, urant s yij n usekkil, asekkil n tlatinit.
A nessenta zeg wezwel ( le titre) n wamud “afriwen n tfawt”, nettaf ɣer-neɣ aṭṭas n yezwilen ɣer-sen rrimet d ijt akked wezwel-a, ksin tanzeɣt ( la préposition) <n> amecnaw: “Reεwin n tayri”, “fad n wesɣad” n Karim Kennuf, “Ajḍiḍ n ucal” n Saεid Lbuseklawi, “Lall n tidet” n “Meryem Meryami”… Ujar i manaya, nettaf ij n wamud yeksi ula d taguri tamezwarut d ijt « afriwen ». amud-a n wezlawi » Najib zzuhri » qqaren as: “afriwen n useggʷas”. azwel-a nettaf ɣer-s ij n tɣuni d tameqqrant akked tewlaft i das-yegga Ɛali Busettati, s uya, danita tfawt yexs a zay-s yini wezlawi tira, di tewlaft-a nettwala adlis ṭṭawent zay-s tefray ggint afriwen.
Yenna wezlawi ij n wawal deg yij n weḍris (texte) i yellan nzemmer a t-neḥseb d tamessizwarut wiss sin “awal yeṭṭaw, tira ttɣimant” yellan d awal n arruman, d ij n wawal iqad, deg uraq-nnes ixess a t-neḍfer, minzi d amxumbel d ameqqran mala ɣer-neɣ imaruten ttarin maca wer ssufuɣen bu tira-nsen. S umedya « Ɛumar Bumeẓẓuɣ » uḍarebbi yura di qaε inawen n tsekla ( asefru, ungal, amezgun…, isem-nnes ssnen-t aṭṭas n imedyazen d iselmaden d iseklanen… maca εad wer dd-immerni ɣer tsedlest. Manaya wer yessefriḥ ca d ij n txessart d tameqqrant i tsekla d tutlayt tamaziɣt mala qqimen ammu wer dd-ssufɣen ca, minzi tamaziɣt d tira i teḥdaj, zay-sent i ɣa tili, i ɣa tedder, i ɣa tiriw…
Tameslayt i yessefriḥen aṭṭas deg wamud-a, d asegged n tira minzi azlawi isegged nnit tira-nnes s iluganen ( les régles ) mseqqem, nettaf ɣer-s ca n yezgilen udrusen ( les fautes) deg waddad ilelli d waddad amaruz ( l’état libre et d’annixion), netta wer yeɣri bu tiɣuriwin timaziɣin di tesdawit, maca yeksi amnus i tmaziɣt, s uya ittari s tmaziɣt yif zeg waṭṭas ɣrin tamaziɣt di tesdawit. d ta d tawuri i ixessen ad yilin i wenni yeksin udem n umeɣnas. Maca amxumbel ameqqran ɣer-s nettaf deg yeyyer n tira d amḥas ( la ponctuation), wer t-yeggi ca, mbla amḥas waxxa d tira recment x tefray wer nzemmer a x-asent nini d tira, ttɣimant d awal, nzemmer a nini aqa azlawi wer yuri ca, yessawal waha! deg yeyyer-a n wemḥas nettaf amxumbel d ameqqran deg yedlisen n usefru arifi, minzi mkulha mamec t-yesrusa, nemxellaf day-s, maca a t-negg waxxa s wemxellaf, yif zi mala wer t-neggi, s uya d amxellaf i dd-ɣa-yejjen tamunit.
Azlawi yiwey-d ca n tmeslayin d timaynutin wer kid-sent nennum ca deg usefru arifi amecnaw: asnewjew n ifiluzufen (suqrat, dikart), εawed nettaf ca n tqessisin d timaynutin amecnaw « aɣerḍa » ujar umi day-s dd-yidar « Tum d djiri » amen nettaf tanya taqessist « tazzect » di yessawal xef wejḍiḍ, d tqessist »tisit » di yeqqar:
( xzareɣ di tisit
ufiɣ ixef inu wsareɣ,
ggiɣ fus xef uɣembub,
ufiɣ t εad d areqqaɣ. )
Amen nettaf εawed « tazitunt », « Mucc d wejḍid »… , izwilen-a d ij n tmerniwt d lemmliḥ, d tanurẓemt n tebridt i imeɣra i ittarin ḥuma ad xerrsen deg weklasi-ya n tira. nettaf ɣer wezlawi tanustaljit i yellan ɣer wṭṭas n imariten deg umaḍal amecnaw min nettaf di tqessist n « ddcar inu » i yessawalen x tmagit iweḍḍren manaya aqqa-t ɣer waṭṭas zeg yezlawiyen n Arif, ittidar day-s ismawen n imukan n tmurt ( Ibedduren, Selwan, Azɣenɣan…) nettaf-it ula ɣer » Saεid Lbuseklawi » di tqessist » tamurt n yakuc » zeg wedlis » ajḍiḍ n ucal » ittidar-dd di tqessist-a, imukan-a ( Ifarni, Iyarmawas, Imimunen, Tafersit, Buεeyyac, Aεarwi…) taqessit-a n « tamurt n yakuc » d tazegrart ujar zi tqessist n « ddcar inu » ittidar day-s wezlawi aṭṭas n imukan, manaya aqqa-t εawed ɣer « Musṭafa Buḥlasa » taqessist i tɣennej tseḍma n ( ayyawen) « tamurt-inu » nettaf day-s ( Imzuren, Buyafar, Miḍar…) manaya ixes ad yini amnus n umaziɣ d ijjen, yexs ad yini « Muḥemmed Inεisa » wer yeffiɣ ca zeg uxarres n imezwura, ittɣima ɣer-sen yeqqen. εawed manaya ittas-dd s teɣri d tmesla n iɣennijen, nzemmer a x-as nini d agam. yugem-dd zay-sen. azlawi inεisa wer x-as dd-yusi ca umedya-nni ɣer-neɣ di tussna n Arif, amedya yeqqaren: <amedyaz n ddcar wer yesfurruj> s uya di tqessist-a n « ddcar-inu » yessirar day-s imedyazen, iqqar deg yezli:
iḥramen x sellaḥ,
i wɣennij tteslan,
tisfifin n lwalid d εellal d yetran.
Manaya d asemɣar, d tamewciwt n wazal i ymedyazen-nneɣ, izli-ya ineddeh-aneɣ ɣer yij n uɣennij n lmerḥum « Racid Nnaḍuri », qqaren as: « ɣennej lalla buya » ismeqqara zi tẓuri tamezdagt amecnaw: » Xalid Izri » d tseḍma n Ireyzam d yinniḍen…εawed di tqessist-a ta, day-s ismawen ttjerran-aneɣ ɣer tira n lmerhum azlawi « ḥmed zeyyani » s uya ɣer-s i nettaf ( nunja, rqiyya). ij n tqessist nneɣni tessakkʷaḍ-aneɣ ɣer yij n tqessist n wezlawi « saεid lmusawi », taqessist » iɣẓar n letnayen » lmusawi yegga-s: « iɣeẓran n arif ».
Azlawi walli bu ɣir isserzef-dd ifiluzufeyyen waha, nettaf ɣer-s ula d axarres d afiluzuf am min nettaf di tqessist « abrid n tfawt » mani ittwala laxert tettawi ɣer tudert. » abrid n tesɣart ittawi ɣer laxert, abrid n laxert ittawi ɣer tudert » izli-ya mala yesla-s yijjen wer yessin deg usefru niɣ di tfiluzuft ad yini: min yeqqar wa ? mamec tegga laxert i yettawyen ɣer tudert ? ddeg-a n tira εawed sbanant-idd amari d ameɣnas irezzun tasɣart-nnes, ameɣnas n tidet ittwala laxert x tesɣart d rrbeḥ niɣ d awaḍ. issexdam aṭṭas iwalen aqqa-ten ɣer-neɣ di tussna-nneɣ tarifit, awenni ursil (expression figée), di tqessist « Xdem ccɣel-nnec » sin n yiwalen neqqar-iten isaqar-dd zay-s izli:
Wer ttidfen ɣer yenjan jer yiccar d weksum,
wer ttidfen ca yizan xmi yeqqen uqemmum
Di tqessist « armad » nettaf “aḍar wer ilemmed illa s inedrifen”, di tqessist « Imfawiyen » nettaf ij n wawal issenfel day-s cwayt ḥuma a zay-s yawi izli, di tussna neqqar-as: <lqendil yesskan tfawt merra i dduneyt, ittejja ixef-nnes di tallest.> azlawi yenna: « Lqendil yesskan tfawt maca yeqqim d ayujil ». nettaf-it εawed itteqqen ula ɣer tḥuja n wamiwa ( l’oralité), mani yeqqar di tmedyazt » kulci ifessi: « sefses alli-nnec, egg min yegga yensi » ineddeh-aneɣ ɣer tḥajit n yensi d wuccen umi udfen ɣer tebḥirt, uca uccen yeqqim ittett waha, insi issexdem tiɣit, ittett ittqellab ḥuma a das-yeεdel ad yeffeɣ zi tebḥirt-nni.
Lmizan n <lalla buya> nettaf-it yerẓa-t, wer x-as yebni ca taqessist-nnes, tameɣruḍt yellan deg yezlan d timesseḍfert ( a, a, a) nettaf-itt ɣer-s, di ca n tqessisin, nettaf ɣer-s tameɣrut n ugensu niɣ n daxel (interne),niɣ nzemmer a das-nini yura s rrimet n (a,b/ a,b) s umedya (example) taqessist » tazzla n tfawt », » tameɣrut-nnes d (an), day-s tameɣrut nniḍen (uct). truḥ amenni al ameggar (an), (uct)… manaya wer t-nettif ca ɣer merra izlawiyen, tabridt-a d tamaynut teqqen ɣer min yellan d atrar (modernité) aqqa-tt ɣer » kennuf » aṭṭas, aweren-as « bilal weεlas ». ca n twalatin nettaca zi tqessist n wezlawi tuzeɣ, tefsus aṭṭas, wer day-s ca tamessefrut ( la poéticité), nettaca zzay-s d awal waha zi ssawalen merra yewdan, amecnaw taqessist » abeddel d ubehdel » Waxxa issexdem day-s aṭṭas n tmeɣrutin d yiwalen mserwasen wer daneɣ-dd-ileqqi wallaɣ d tewlafin. mala nessiwel x umawal, yura t s minzi ɣa gzun merra yewdan, s tirifit, wer yessexdem ca amawal atrar ɣir ca n yiwalen safi udfen-dd am ( tilelli, amezruy). yessexdem ca n yiwalen d iqburen weḍḍren ( inguren, tmasext, yarden, icendriren, isran, ukkan, acfir, …)
ij n tannayt ( remarque) nniḍen d tameẓẓyant, zay-s i ɣa nenfafar, mamec yeqqar wezlawi belli tiqessisin-a deg wamud-a walli alami d ass-a i tent-yura, issenta tira zeg iseggʷusa n ttesεinat, meεlik ttuɣa mkul taqessist yegga adu-nnes amezruy melmi tent-yura d mani ili yif s waṭṭas minzi tira s umezruy-nsent tettili ɣer-sent ij n tcuni nniḍen, ittili ɣer-sent wazal ( valeur) d ameqqran.
Γer umeggar nessitim zeg umari « Inεisa » a dd-yessufeɣ merra min ɣer-s d tira, ad yeswiẓẓeḍ ɣer qeε inawen n tsekla ( les genres littéraires) maɣar lla? nessitim a dd-yerni amuden nneɣni, ɣir ixess jar wamud d wamud a naca s usurif nneɣni, s wesneflul d amaynu x umezwar, d ixarrisen nneɣni…
Halim El Madani