Asenfar n umeggaru n tɣuriwin – Tazuni n tɣuriwin timaziɣin
Ali El bouhammouchi
Tamiṭulujit ( s teglinzit : Mythology) d tguri aẓwar-nnes d agriki (μυθολογία) ɣer-s sin (tnayen) n iremmusen (ikunsiptuten). Aremmus amezwaru ittawi-dd tussna n tneqqisin d umiyen niɣ tussna itterran taynit i tɣuri d usefsi n tneqqisin.
Aremmus wiss sin ittawi-dd tagrumma (tamunt) n tullisin d tḥuja tizaykutin (n zik) niɣ tifuẓarin issawalen x wakucen.
Aṭṭas n twalatin nettaf tamiṭulujit tbedd x tmatart, xmi nremmes (nfehhem) imataren ɣer-s iqqnen d min yellan di twennaḍt i di idaren tineqqisin-a, nzemmar a nermes tiwengimin n yiwdan ifelsen (ittamnen) s tneqqisin-a i tessemɣar tmiṭulujit.
Teẓli tmiṭulujit s waṭṭas n inumaẓ (twessaf) zeg-sen :
-Tɣuni-nnes aked iḥergi (ssḥur, agezzen), aked usged (ddin) ,aked umezruy.
– Amserwas n tuska-nnes aked tuska n tenfas d tullisin.
– Tibratin n tmiṭulujit ttɣimant i lebda war tmettint aked wakud.
– Amyanaw n isental n tmiṭulujit : tessiwel tmiṭulujit deg waṭṭas n isental zeg-sen tudert, asenti n umeɣrad, asmutteg, lmut d min din awarn-as,… waxxa amamek n usiwel-nnes x isental-a iggʷej xef min illan d amassan.
Zi tmiṭulujin ittwassnen aṭṭas deg umaḍal nettaf tamiṭulujit tagrikt d tmiṭulujit tamasrit. Waxxa taɣerma (civilisation) tamasrit s umedya tuɣa ɣer-s tizdayin (tiɣuniwin) d timeqqranin aked tɣerma tamaziɣt, nettaf yudrus wi itteslan x tmiṭulujit tamaziɣt deg umaḍal, minzi tamiṭulujit-a d tamiwant (tamwawalt – Oral) temmutti zi tsatalt ɣer tenneḍni s umamek d amiwan, war ssentin (bdin) ad xafs arin al umeggaru a s tutlayin tiberraniyin, s uya stiɣ (xeḍreɣ) ad swuriɣ di trezzut-a s tutlayt-inu tamaziɣt xef tmiṭulujit tamaziɣt. Mala nerzu days a naf teccur s isental i xef tessiwel, necc stiɣ ad sekleɣ x kra n imeɣnawen imkunen i illan deg umiy amaziɣ.
Imaziɣen ma ɣer-sen ca n tmiṭulujit?
Nessen illa timeqqranin n tmiṭulujitin ittwassnen iḍa mmutent, mli wer twazemment wer twarint ili qaɛ wer x-asent ntessen walu, amecnaw tamiṭulujit tagrikt, tamasriyt d tenni n Babel…
Xmi nxezzar ɣer tenfas i illan ɣer Imaziɣen s uswingem d usefsi, nettaka aked ixef nneɣ illa nesweḍḍar ijj n wagla d amiṭuluji imɣer ttuɣa-t ɣer-neɣ deg umezruy, umi wer t-nuri ca nejja-t d amiwan waha.
Agla-ya izemmar ad imḥizwer aked tmiṭulujitin ittwassnen lexxu di tindi d wuddur.
Aweḍḍar n umiy amaziɣ ijja ca n imerzuten am Henri Baset imerr deg umnad-nnes umi yenna : “Imaziɣen wer ɣer-sen bu tmiṭulujit, ɣer-sen tinsayin d temyurin waha”. Inna ɛawed: “Imaziɣen waxxa ɣer-sen marra minzi ɣer skan(bnan) tamiṭulujit maca jjin iẓra mmenḍarn bla ma ad zay-sen bnan, ixess-iten umesdag (aṭacrun) i illan d awwingem amesneflul”[1]
Din aṭṭas n min iskanan illa Imaziɣen ɣer-sen tamiṭulujit d tabaɣurt (teɣna):
– Tadelsa (Kultura) tamaziɣt teccur s temyurin (leɛwayed, tinamitin) tidelsanin timiwanin d tizaykutin, lumar deg iger n tenfust. Inna Frobenius : ” Zi marra min ssneɣ x tdelsawin tifriqin imsebḍan, d marra min smuneɣ zeg izli d tsekla tamiwant di temnaḍt n Leqbayel, ad awem-iniɣ aqqa tadelsa tamaziɣt tzemmar ad teksi tasertut tamezwerut s umyanaw d tbaɣurt n isental-nnes, d tissumsa (anhezzi) di tẓuri n wallas-nnes, d ukettur n usneflul-nnes, d tidet d tfilusuft n tudert deg-s”[2]
– Tasekla tamaziɣt s imant-nnes tejja limart x uswingem agriki, minzi ameɣrat agriki Theôn inna deg warra-nnes Progymnasmata belli ameskar ittwassnen Aiskhulos=Eschyle ttuɣa issen tinfas tilibiyin (timaziɣin). ula d afilusuf Arisṭu isti tinfas tilibiyin d anaw d aseklan d iẓlin ɣer-s tifrest-nnes.[3]
-Inniy n inmezrayen (yenni ittarin amezruy ) n zik belli tamnaḍt n ugafay (sennej) n tefrikt (Tamezɣa) d tanfarast i tmiṭulujit (txelleq-dd tamiṭulujit), zeg-sen Diodurus Siculus issiwlen x umsasa n umiy agrik aked umiy aṭlasi[4], rni-dd xaf-s illa tamnaḍt n Tmezɣa deg-s ilulen wakucen igriken (ɛla ḥsab tamiṭulujit tagrikt).[5]
– Iger n tɣerma tamaziɣt d agerbrid jer tɣermiwin n tmiṭulujiitin tizaykutin itwassnen am tamiṭulujit tagrikt, tarumanit d tmasrit, amrara n tɣerma tamaziɣt aked tɣermiwin n tmiṭulujitin-a ittejja yagum ad ilin imaziɣen wer ttessnen tamiṭulujit.
– aṭṭas n wakucen izaykuten ɣer-sen assaɣen (ismawen) d imaziɣen am : Afrika, Ifru, Lillu,… Xmi tettili tmanawt deg wakucen ɣer ca n unamun, manaya iqqar belli amun-a illa issen tamiṭulujit. [6]
– Di tenfas timaziɣin nettbedda x ca n tmeslayin udfent di tmiṭulujitin tizaykutin, manaya iskana amsagar n tmiṭuljit tamaziɣt aked tmiṭulujitin-a.
– Di tenfas timaziɣin nettaf ca n tmeslayin nzemmar ad tent-nessidef di tmiṭulujit, am lxezrat n imaziɣen ɣer usmutteg n umaḍal, n ujenna, n ugama, tunamin tusṭrunumin…, tiḥuja di yella tmiṭulujit n uddur am tḥajit n Unamir.
– Timyurin iqqiment ɛad ddrent deg-sent imatarn skanan belli qqnent ɣer tmiṭulujit tazaykut am temyurin n tutra n wenẓar taslit n wenẓar niɣ talaɣenja.
Mayemmi iweḍḍar wagla amiṭuluji amaziɣ?
Waxxa agla amiṭuluji amaziɣ azayku d abaɣur amec neẓra, maca nettaf-t yudrus deg wakud-a i di nella, aweḍḍar n wagla-ya ttwaliɣ-t d unzil (nurmal) minzi wer ittwazemmem ca s tira.
Nettaf ula d iḍis n usged (zeg-sen lislam) d aswaɣ zeg iswaɣen n uweḍḍar-a, tawuri n temzidawin di Tmezɣa terra-dd x waṭṭas n iseqsan ila tetticc tmiṭulujit, rni-dd xaf-s tazzigezt tamassant.
Manaya marra ijja Imaziɣen ad weḍḍaren tamiṭulujit-nsen wer das-tticcen bu wuddur. Wer ntettu ca tasmaḍalt (Globalisation), ula d nettat tegga timegga-nnes isweḍḍaren tamiṭulujit tamaziɣt.
Assaɣen n wallas amiṭuluji :
Imaziɣen ssemrasen (sxeddamen) aṭṭas n wassaɣen msebḍan wer ferrzen jer-asen xmi tetteggen allas amiṭuluji, zzaysen : Tanfust (tinfusin, tinfas), taneqqist (tineqqisin), tallast (tallasin), tullist (tullisin), umiy (umiyen), tamacahut (timucuha), timint (timinin), timindit (timandiwin), tasisawt (tisisaw), tadeyyant (tideyyanin)… [7]
[1] H. Basset. Essai sur la littérature des Berbères. Paris. Ibis Press/Awal, 2001, p.179
[2] Frobénius, Contes kabyles, Trad. Mokrane Fetta, Aix-en-Provence, Edisud, 1995, t.I, pp. 19-20.
محمد شفيق، نبذة عن الأمثال الأمازيغية ضمن المعجم العربي الأمازيغي، الجزء الثالث، ص 478 – 479 [3]
[4] Assaɣ itwassen zzays Lmerruk zdat annaz afiniqi
محمد أوسوس، كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الأمازيغية ضمن منشورات م.م.ث.أ، مطبعة المعارف الجديدة 2008، ص 15-16 [5]
[6] tasaɣult tazwirt
[7] tasaɣult tazwirt