Icten zi tira n Pitaguras tiqdimin qqaɛ, i yura di lqern wis III qbel i tlalit n Ɛisa, wer tessiwel ca x lmaṭ, maca x llubiyyet.
Amek yenna Hermippus n Smyrne, d ijjen ubiyugraf n Tegrikt taqdimt, ila iḍfaren ca n lɛesker Pitaguras (570 Q-T-Ɛ.- 490 Q-T-Ɛ.) wami i t-ufin zzat i lɣillet n llubiyyet.
Deg wakud ma ad icuqq di llubiyyet, ad tt-iherrweḍ, yewca-asen ixef-nnes Pitaguras i lɛesker-nni uca nɣin-t.
Yeqqseḥ x-aneɣ lḥal a namen belli Pitaguras-nni i nessen di llisi, izemmer ad issenjem lɣillet n llubiyet deg wemkan ma ad issenjem tudert-nnes, maca tiḥuja tiqdimin mmalent-id belli amaṭimatiki-ya d ijjen bnadem yegga ca n ddegg deg wakud-nni.
Ijjen ameknaw Christoph Riedweg, aprufisur di tesdawit n Zurich, wenn yuras adlis n “Pitaguras: tudert-nnes, aselmed-nnes d yisiḍ-nnes”, isseplika ɣer BBC Mundo belli tameslayt tasebḥant i zi nzemmer a nesbuda aterras-a izwaren deg uxarres aɣerbi netta ɣer-s ijjen wudem d akirizmati, alaḥsab isental imsebḍan min xef yessiwel.
Maca, ɛawed yeqqseḥ a nessen min ttuɣa yeɛna Pitaguras, drus n yeḍrisen i d-inejmen awerni alfayen n iseggusa – ca n tira i x-as ittwarin ttuɣa mseddrent akid-s maca ḥaca tenniḍni usint-id awerni 150 n useggʷas zegga yemmut – merra tira-ya ssawalent x ijjen bnadem s lhimmet-nnes di zzman n waman.
Afilusuf amezwaru
Waxxa isem n Pitaguras iqqen ɣer umaṭimaṭik, maca nessen ass-a ila deg wakud-nnes, ttuɣa-t d amussnaw deg waṭṭas n yegran.
Hiraklit, ttuɣa-t zeg imezwura i d-iydaren amussnaw-a agriki, nettaf ila yenna x-as: “Pitaguras, Mmi-s n Mnisark, ttuɣa irezzu aṭṭas, kter zi ca n mmi-s n tseɛchur, s tira-nnes i d-yexḍar, yegga i yixef-nnes aberru d tunẓiẓt d tmussni. Issen di kulci, issen ula i tḥilatin”.
Am mamec i x-as ttɛawaden x Pitaguras, ttuɣa yettwassen s tmussni-nnes i yiriwen, al ami i das-ttlaɣan “agezzan”, manaya i ireẓẓmen abrid i inemzruyen i yeqqaren maṭimaṭik, amek yeqqar Christoph Riedweg.
Zeg ijjen uɣezdis-nneḍi, tiḥuja-ya mmalent-id tiɣist n ugriki-ya i yettwassnen deg wakud-nnes, mamec i d-sskanant belli aterras-a ttuɣa yella nican: “Am ddegg-a n uɛawed i x-as ggin innu i kid-s imseddren tticen-aneɣ mamec ibeddel uterras-a deg waṭṭas n tmeslayin”, i yeqqar lebda Christoph Riedweg.
Senni, manaya immal-aneɣ-d mamec Pitaguras, ijmeɛ aṭṭas n tumlayin zeg waṭṭas n taliwin uca yexleq-d axarres-nnes: “Din wi yeqqaren ila imxarres agriki Hiraklid inna belli Pitaguras d netta d amezwaru i d-isaqaren isem n “Afilusuf” maḥend ad yini “wenni ittexsen tussna”.
Riedweg iqqar ɛawed ila deg wakud n qbel i Pitaguras, awal n “Philos” ttuɣa qqaren-t i wenni ixsen ad icekker di ca n lxedmet n ca n ijjen di ca n yiger.
Aprifusur-a yettwala ila izemmer ad yili Pitaguras d netta i d-isaqaren awal n “Afilusuf” maḥend “ad issemsebḍa, ixef-nnes d igran n trezzut-nnes, x imxarrsen i kid-s imseddren”.
yegga ca n ddegg
Iwdan deg wakud n Pitaguras ila ttekrikan-t, qqaren x-as ila yegga axmi d “agʷerram”.
Ca n tira d tiqdimin n Xénophon, i yettcarraḥ Riedweg, ttgernzent x Pitaguras. Ttɛawaden belli isbedd ca n yewdan ccaten ijjen weqzin, yenna-asen aqqa yukez ssewt n buḥbel n ijjen zeg imeddukal-nnes deg umuder-a.
Riedweg isseplika ila tiḥuja-ya ttejjant-aneɣ a nxayel Pitaguras ila yegga am ca n “Wemɣar d akarizmati”. Xmi bnadem yessawal ɣer lmal, aṭṭas n kulturat tteḥsabent manaya ixes ad yini ila bnadem-nni zeg Imɣaren ikarizmatiyen. Inni i ten-iḍeffren, ttɣilen belli axmi ttbeddalen amaḍal, maca ɣer yenniḍen, ttwalan-ten ameknaw “iḥeccayen” waha.
Ijjen ameknaw Christiane L. Joost-Gaugier i yellan d aselmad n tẓuri, iqqar deg udlis-nnes: “Mesurer le ciel : Pythagore et son influence sur la pensée et la faim” ila tḥajit-a taqdimt- temmal-d ijjen wudem zeg uxattes n Pitaguras.
Isselsaq Xénophone i Pitaguras tlata n ixarrisen imeqqranen: 1) Iwdan ɛelmen buḥbel (d aya i yettwassnen deg wakud-nni); 2) buḥbel-nni yettɣima i lebda; d 3) awerni i lmewt, ittmuttuy ɣer ijjen yili (être) nniḍen, d aya umi neqqar amutti n yimanen.
Tiḥuja tiqdimin sxeddamen-t axarres-a ḥuma ad sseplikant maɣar Pitaguras yunef i llubiyyet, amek yeqqar Riedweg: “Ca zzag-sen qqaren ila yimanen llan deg waḍu, minzi llubiyyet ittegg igazen, izemmer ad ad isnufsel buḥbel zi arrimet.”
Maca min x-as qqaren zeɛma x Pitaguras wer ittbeddi ca ɣer danita:
Ameknaw Arisṭu i yeddren 150 useggʷas awerni i umxarres-a, ttuɣa yettwala-t d ijjen “umaṭimatikan i yetterran taynit-nnes aṭṭas i nnumrawat”, i izemmer “ad issen melmi lmewt n wurs d acemlal d netta izemmren ad ineɣ ca n ufɣer ineqq s izeɛɛifen mala yeqqes-as”.
Inna aḥqa wami ila ixes ad yeẓwa ijjen yeɣzer isellem x Pitaguras.
Tiḥuja ttemsarawent x uterras-a, mani i x-as inna Hiraklit “ila izemmer Pitaguras ad d-yeɛqel i rebɛa n tuderin malla walu qqaɛ, icten zzay-sent ttuɣa-t d ijjen uyis n Troyen umi qqaren Euphorbe, mani isweḍḍer dderɛ-nnes deg ijjen umseksi”.
Afilusuf amessebrid
Aṭṭas n inmezruyanen n tzaykut msasan ila ijjen uzgen zi tmessna n Pitaguras yewwi-tent-id zgi idelsan i das-yudsen.
Isseplika Reidweg ila “aṭṭas n ibyugrafiyen iqdimen, i nessen, ameknaw Porphyre, nnan-aneɣ mamec Pitaguras iraḥ ɣer Maser, netta isafer aṭṭas”.
Irni inna “Igrikiyen ttuɣa ttmeyylaen ɣer kulturat iqedmen x tenni nnsen, ameknaw tenni Tamasrit, minzi Igrikiyen ttwalan ila Maser zi lebda ttuɣa-tt d ijjen kultura d taqdimt aṭṭas s isebdaden (des normes) d imeqqranen.
Aṭṭas n yeḍrisen i d-iydaren Pitaguras, ila ssawalen x isafaren-nnes. Ameknaw Antiphon i yennan ila Pitaguras iwweḍ ad yessiwel Tamasrit nican zeg Uferɛun Amosis II, mani i t-ttuɣa d aberrani weḥḥed-s i yeɣrin aked imeḥḍaren n Thèbes.
Inmuzruyen nniḍen i yeqqaren ila Pitaguras ilmed ufuren n “usmutti n imanen”, mamc i ttuɣa iraḥ ɣer Babylone, ass-a inmzruyen ssnen belli taṭyurit-nnes ttuɣa tettwassen 1000 n useggʷas qbel-nnes.
Ttuɣa tettwasxdem di Babylone deg wakud-nni, maca ad yili icarreḥ-itt Pitaguras waha, d aya i yeqqar Riedweg.
Mani din yeḍrisen-nniḍen i yettwalan belli Pitaguras imxellaṭ aked Ifarisiyen d Ifniqen, ilmed zzag-sen xarebbi n tmeslayin.
Afilusuf n ugama
Deg wakud n Pitaguras, ca n imxarrsen ggʷjen x ukusipt n waṭṭas n ikucen, bdan tteggen tizemmar ad afen ca n tebridin-nneḍni i zi zemmren ad sseplikan min ittemsaren deg umaḍal.
Yettwala Riedweg belli “Afilusuf n Ṭalis d netta issersen aman deg wammas n umaḍal-nnes. Yettwala belli aman ɣer-sen lhimmet d tameqqrant, axmi merra timeslatin ttwaggent s waman, d ta d lxezrat n qbel i Sukraṭ ɣer umaḍal: “s nnej d fatcaḍa maca s wadday din itennufer tidett”.
“Maca Pitaguras, min t-yecqan aṭṭas, d nnumrawat.
Ameḥḍar-nnes Aristoxène yeqqar x-as: ” iqqen kulci ɣer nnumrawat, d netta i d-isnejmen tɣuri n nnumawat.”