Aṭṭas n tmura timeslmin fsarent-id beddu n useggas amaynu ahijri 1443 i yessentan zeg wami ihajer nnbi Muḥemmed zi Mekka ɣer Lmadina. Maca qa din tidettawin-nniḍen x useggas-a ahijri a x-asent nessiwel da.
D aseggas ibedden x leḥsab n uyur
Aseggas-a ahijri ibedd x leɛbar n ddura i tettegg tziri x tmurt, ittkemmal uyur ar ɣa yaweḍ ad yili taziri nican. Manaya kunṭra i useggas n tfukt/amiladi ittbeddan x ddura n tmurt x tfukt. Beddu d umeggaru n uyur ahijri ibedda xminni ẓerren ayur amaynu. S uya ussan ihijriyen wer nettessen cḥal i dag-sen ɣa yilin. Manaya maci am useggas n tfukt. S uya, kul char ahijri ittili dag-s jar 29 d 30 n wussan.
X manaya, kul aseggas ittizzar useggas ahijri 11 n wussan kul aseggas, mala nesmqudda-t aked useggas n tfukt. Min ɣa yejjen leɛyud n yemselmen ttilin kul twalat mamec. Ɛawed, timeẓra n wayur tettemsebḍa zeg wemkan mani i yettili bnadem.
Nzemmer a nesmun amsebḍi ?
Wa d ij n uxarres xeddmen x-as ca n imussnawen d isṭrunumiyen zeg useggas n 2001. Maḥend ad kksen amsebḍi i yettilin x tmeẓra n wayur. Axarres-a bedden x-as deg wegraw asṭrunum ameslem wis tnayen i yettwaggen di Ɛumman di Kṭuber n 2001. Imussnawen-a ttuɣa xsen ad bḍan tmurt x tnayen n izegnan :
Azgen n usammer : netta d amkan i yellan jar uzririg n tuzeggardt 180 n tsekfelt x usammer ar uzririg n tuzeggardt 20 x uɣelluy.
Azgen n uɣelluy : D amkan i yellan x uzririg n tuzeggardt 20 n tsekfelt x uɣelluy ar tnayen n Tmirikaniyin.
Axarres-a yeqqar ila mala ẓrin yur deg wass n 29 di ca n wemkan zi tnayen-a n imukan, s tiṭṭawin niɣ s imassen tisṭrunimiyin ataf ixess amkan-nni amen yekmel a dag-s yettwafsar. Axarres-a maci iqqar ixess ayur ahijri ad ibda deg ij n wass, maca iggur ad ikkes amsebḍi i yettilin jar tmura Timeslmin.
Qbel i lislam s 200 ɛam
Munen imeqqranen n waɛɛraben di Mekka aseggas n 412 amiladi maḥend ad kksen x ijj n wawal jar tqebbal n waɛɛraben x useggas ibedden x uyur. Maḥend ad semman iyuren-nni i yetteggen arrwina deg useggas n lḥijj d tsebbabt.
Agraw-a iḥḍer dag-s jedd-is wis xemsa n rrasul i dd-yeḍharen ameggaru-ya deg useggas n 610 amiladi. Dag-s imsetfaqen waɛɛraben x yismawen n wayyuren d cḥal nitni. Mamec msetfaqen x min ɣa yilin di mkul yur, ca zzag-sen yettwagg i imenɣan, ca zzag-sen i tsebbabt, ca zzag-sen i lḥijj. Msetfaqen ɛawed x « muḥerrem » i di yettwaḥerrem amsenɣi, i yeqqimen amenni waxxa yus-d lislam. Iyuren-a nitni d « Di lqiɛda, di lḥijja, Muḥerrem d rajab ».
Awerni 17 n iseggusa !
Waxxa zeɛma aseggas ahijri ibedda-dd zeɛma zeg wami ihajer nnbi Muḥemmed zi Mekka ɣer lmadina, maca bdan a zzag-s xedmen zeg useggas wis 17. Lxalifa Ɛumar lxeṭṭab d netta i yebdan ixeddem s useggas ahijri i yettwassnen qbel s useggas aɛrab, ggin-as isem n « ahijri » minzi yeqqen ɣer uhajar n rrasul. Ismawen n wayyuren qqimen d nitni wer beddlen ca zeg wegraw n Mekka 412 amiladi.
Ussan n nnasi
Xemsa n wussan mani ttuɣa aɛraben rennin-ten niɣ ttekksen-ten zeg useggas ahijri. La d ijjen ma issen mayemmi i tteggen ammu x ussan-a, ca zzag-sen yeqqen-it ɣer tmerniwt niɣ wenqas i yettilin di leḥsab n ddura n wayur x tmurt. Inniḍen qqaren qa d lḥila itteggen waɛɛraben maḥend ad nḍun x cchurat i di yettwaḥerrem umsenɣi.
Wami i d-yusa lislam ikkes ussan-a minzi ittegg beṭṭu di leḥsab n leɛyud.
Ismawen n wayyuren
Ismawen n wayyuren qqnen ɣer inhezziten n waɛɛraben d min tteggen d uḥerrem n umsenɣi. Iyyuren am Rabiɛ amezwaru d rabiɛ wis tnayen usin-dd di rrbiɛ umi semman iyyuren-a. Jumada amezwaru d Jumada wis tnayen yus-d x tejrist (minzi awal n Jumad ixes ad yini aman ijerrsen). Ramaḍan ɛawed yus-d zeg wawal n « rumuḍ » i yexsen ad yini ussan n arrbu deg unebdu.
Ussan n lḥurum nessawal da x « di Lqiɛda » i di ttbeddan waɛɛraben x umsenɣi. Du Lḥijja d ayyur n lḥij, Lmuḥerrem d aḥerrem n umsenɣi. Rajab ixes ad yini « flitcat » i yella ixes ad mekksent di lweqt n uḥerrem n umsenɣi.
Safar, d lweqt i di tteffɣen aɛɛraben tudrin-nnsen ar ɣa « seffren » ixxamen. Ittsemma wer dag-sen yettɣimi la d ijjen. Ceɛban ixes ad yini d aceɛɛeb n waɛɛraben jar umenɣi d tsebbabt zegga qqimen wer tteggen walu di Rajab.