Qbel i 100 iseggusa tzemmem Mamie Smith ijjen uɣennij iṭṭef amkan-nnes deɣya deg wazzareg anaẓur deg Umarikan, tewca ijjen buḥbel nniḍen mani zemmren Imarikaniyen iberkanen ad ssiwlen x min ten-ittaɣen.
Deg uneqqis i yegga jjurnal n « The New York Times » Amarikan, yenna umari David Hajdu ila di 10 n Tɣuct 1920 iraḥ Perry Bradford d Mamie Smith, nitni d sin n imusikiyen, aẓur-nnsen d afrikan ɣer ijjen ustudyu di New York. Dinni ibeddlen ticli i tmusikt deg Umarikan. Tekker Smith, i ttuɣa yellan d ij n tmeɣnujt ɣer-s amkan-nnes deg ubilaj-nnes Cincinnati, ad tzemmem ij n uɣennij d amaynu n Bradford s uzwel n « Crazy blues ».
Aɣennij ttuɣa-t d ij n tɣuyyit teffeɣ-dd zeg wul, ittɛawad tḥajit n ij n temɣart tbedd-as deg wudem i umsurruf aɛeffan i x-as ittegg wergaz-nnes. Γennjen aɣennij-a maḥend ad as-slen iberkanen di tmurt n Umarikan merra. Iberkanen min xef ɛeddan ipulisen, tigrawin n lekruhiyyet ticemlalin, d iɛeskriyen di min ittwassnen s « unebdu azeggaɣ » n useggas n 1919.
Iydar-dd umari belli aɣennij n « Crazy Blues » iwweḍ ɣer wulawen n waṭṭas n imsḥessan, yejja dag-sen ij n later d ameqqran. Deg uyur-nni i di dd-iffeɣ yemmenz zzag-s ca n 75 alef n uṭebsil, mamec iwweḍ ad zzag-s immenz ca n tnayen n imelyunen n iṭebsilen aked lweqt. Aɣennij-a d wa ig issersen ddsas n tẓuri n « Blues » i ɣa yilin d iger mani dag-s ɣa-ɣennjen iberkanen Imirikaniyen x teycatin-nnsen d min ten-ittaɣen d imxumbal.
Aṭebsil-a n « Crazy Blues » ttuɣa izemmer ad yini aṭṭas n tmeslayin min wer zemmren iberkanen ad inin berra. Ittban-d ila aɣennij issawal x ij n temɣart ismeḥ dag-s wergaz-nnes. Maca xminni i das-ɣa-tesled mliḥ, ad tafed belli aɣennij issawal x ij n temɣart tenɣa acrik-nnes i x-as ittnɛeddan.
Minzi netta zi « Blues », aɣennij yirar x umseksi n daxel ḥuma ad iɛawed tḥajit n ddenf i yeẓrin Imarikaniyen iberkanen ula berra i tudrin-nnsen. Deg ij n umaḍal n tḥeggart d lferz i x-asen tteggen Imarikaniyen icemlalen.
Aɣennij-a yirar x izamulen (les symboles) aṭṭas, xminni tessawal dag-s tmeɣnujt x « my man » (argaz-inu) niɣ « the man » (argaz), nzemmer ad ten-nefhem belli teccated lmeɛna x « urgaz acemlal » d « iwdan icemlalen».
Amari ɛawed inna belli Smith iɛelmen ij n tmijja n tsednan, tehwa, i di nettḥada ij n tniɣt d tadramit, yejja iwalen n uɣennij-a ad ilin ferzen. Imsḥessa n yiḍ-a zemmren ad ttwalan iwalen n uɣennij d irutiniyen. Minzi nnumen tteslan-as aṭṭas, tteslan ula i uɛawed-nnes abarru n twalatin di lqern i yeɛdun :
I can’t sleep at night (wer zemmreɣ ad ṭṭseɣ s yiḍ)
I can’t eat a bite (wer zemmreɣ ad cceɣ ula d ij n cwayt)
‘Cause the man I love (minzi bnadem i ttexseɣ)
He don’t treat me right (wer kid-i ittemsurruf ca mliḥ).
Umi teqḍeɛ temɣart-a, min xef issawal uɣennij, layas-nnes tedwel ad tegg la d nettat ddenf kunṭra i wenn x-as ittɛeddan. Manaya yettban-d deg ukural ittemɛawaden deg uɣennij :
Now the doctor’s gonna do all that he can (Lux aḍbib iggur ad igg merra min umi izemmer)
But what you’re gonna need is an undertaker man (Maca merra min iggur ɣa teḥdajed d ij n butḥanut)
I ain’t had nothin’ but bad news (Wer ɣer-i la d ij n ḥajet bla ineɣmisen iɛeffanen)
Now I got the crazy blues (Lux safi axeyyeq-inu ittawi-ayi ɣer tibbuhliya)
Di tidet, aɣennij-a wa, idwel d tabrat tesɣuyyu kunṭra i tzemmar n ddewla, niɣ tizemmar n iwtman, icemlalen d tizemmar tinamunin d tsertanin.
S uɣennij n « Crazy Blues », terẓem Smith tawwurt zzat i waṭṭas n tmeɣnaj min ɣer illa ij n tmijja iqesḥen. Tinni i yessurfen leɛwayed d usedḥi zeg wagdud ḥuma ad rrent zi Blues d ij n ufinumin deg iseggusa n ɛicrin n lqern i yeɛdun. Midden dewlen ttɛecciqen di Blues, ssaɣen iṭebsilen-nnes, sḥessan i yɣennijen min di ttafen iberkanen ixef-nnsen.
Furma tamusikt tamezwarut ttuɣa teqqen ɣer ca n tmeɣnaj ameknaw Smith, Ma Rainey, Ethel Waters d Bessie Smith. Zemmemnet timeɣnaj-a tina, aked tinniḍen abarru n iṭebsilen mani zzag-s immenzen imelyunen n tunɣilin. Qbel ma ad d-yadef wergaz n Blues Robert Johnson ɣer ustudyu n uzemmem di Nufember n useggas n 1936. Qbel i « Crazy Blues » ttuɣa din ca n iṭebsilen dag-sen ca n iɣennijen aked wawal n « Blues » deg uzwel. Maca azgen ameqqran-nnsen ttuɣa-ten d izemmimen n ca n imassen n tmuzikt min xef ccaten icemlalen tmusika. Umi i tɣennej Smith x tidet n iberkanen d manayenni i yejjin aɣennij-nnes ad yaweḍ. Maca ula ameggaru n uɣennij i ttuɣa wer ittriji ḥedd, la netta igga mun x-as ḥuma ad immewc ijjen jjehd i uɣennij. Mani tsxeddam Smith iwenniten imiṭafuren (des expressions métaphoriques) ḥuma ad tɛawed x tubberkent n tidet. D nettat teqqar :
There’s a change in the ocean (Din ij n ubeddel di lebḥer)
Change in the deep blue sea, my baby (Abeddel di lallaɣ n lebḥer aḥmaymi, a llif-inu)
Yettwazemmem uɣennij n « Crazy Blues » awerni i txeddimin n ddenf i yettwaggen kunṭra i Imarikaniyen iberkanen. Aɣennij-a maci d azzareg mani ɣa rren iwdan-a nnefs-nnsen waha. Ttuɣa-t d tɣuyyit s yiles amusiki aberkan, d alaɣi ɣer umquddi x webrid n ddenf.
Awerni 100 iseggusa, tamusikt n Blues tettwaḥsab d aɛeqqa n tmusikt Tamarikant. Zi Tmusikt n Rock and Roll, d tmusikt n Country min xef ccaten x tlata n ifilan, ar Hip Hop d R&B contemporain.
Zeg wussan-nnes imezwura, tamusikt n Blues tewca aṭṭas n tmeslayin, ca n twalatin s mecceqleb. Tuɣa-t d anḍrar mani nzemmer a nemmerɣa, niɣ ad nekkes tifeqqaɛ-nneɣ. Waxxa udmawen n lekruhiyyet d lferz ttemmkkasen zeg wazzareg Amarikan, maca waxxa amenni tamusikt n Blues ɛad wer temmekkes, aqqa-t tedder, tettneɛniɛ.
ɣer ɛawed : Bésame mucho ay Arif!