Luxa ɛecra n iseggusa zeg wami d-tenna taseḍma taradikalt umi qqaren ddewla tameslemt (Daɛic) belli ixḍaren amɣar-nnsen.
Wen isbedden taseḍma-ya, ittsemma Abu Baker Lbeɣdadi, d netta ixef-nnes i d-ifesren aberreḥ-a i umaḍal, aya di tmezgida n Nuri di Lmusil, di Lɛiraq.
Tettwassen tmurgant-a s yisem n Isis niɣ Daɛic s Teɛrabt, mamec teṭṭef aṭṭas n temnaḍin d timeqqranin di Lɛiraq d Suriya, tessers-d ɛawed tmuɣli-nnes iqesḥen i ccariɛa.
Ggin aṭṭas n lbaṭel deg yewdan, mamec nɣin xarebbi n midden, ca zi min ggin yeffeɣ-d deg ibidyuten immersen di internet.
Di xemsa n iseggusa i d-iḍfaren twaggit-nnsen, wwḍen ad d-jebden luluf n ijihadiyen zeg umaḍal amen yekmel, wcin-asen awal ad ggen lxalifa d tameslemt d taṭubawit.
Di tidett, ttuɣa-tt d ijjen tudert min xef yeɣleb ddenf ar ṭṭerf: izellifen qessen, mmersen x iqeḍban deg izurag inagduden, ijjen ttaɛeddu lebda i itteggen “ipulisen n teɣra” ig ittsaran deg izubaq, ɛawed lmaynat i d-tneṭṭar taḍa i tesseggur Marikan.
Taḍa-ya, dag-s ca n 70 n tmurt, s tidett, ssufɣen Daɛic zi mani ttuɣa ttkunen di Baghouz, di ccerq n Surya aseggʷas n 2019. Lxalifa-ya wer telli ca luxa, maca teqqim ɛad tidiyulujit-nnes.
Iwa min teɛna Daɛic?
Amḥizwar jar Ṭaliban d Daɛic?
Ijjen umḍebber d ameqqran di tenbaḍt tabriṭanit yenna-d belli lḥal n tseḍma-ya aqqa-t “yersa”, maca ittdettat belli ɛad tella ɛad?
Waxxa ɛeqben s tineddeffart deg wammas n Suriya, Maca Daɛic tennejbed ɣer tmenẓawin-nniḍen.
Azgen ameqqran n isugiten i yettwaggen s yisem-nnes, ttuqiɛen deg wafrika n wadday n sseḥra.
Deg Uruppa d ccerq n lwest, tteḥsaben ila taseṭṭa-nnes i ijehden qaɛ d tenni n ddewla tameslemt di Xurasan tameqqrant, d tenni i di tterran ṭṭlam di min iqqnen ɣer isugiten imeqqran-a i yemsaren aseggʷas-a di Musku, Kerman d Iran.
Ddewla tameslemt di Xurasan tameqqrant aqa-tt di Afɣanistan d ẓelmeḍ n uɣelluy n Pakistan, mani i tesnekker ijjen uɣewweɣ kuntra i Ṭaliban i yellan di tenbaḍt tafɣanit.
Iqder manaya ad d-iban ca n ddegg, minzi ula d Ṭaliban ḍeffren ccariɛa, ttagin x temɣarin ad xedment, niɣ ula ad ɣrent, mamec zemmren ula d nitni ad awḍen deg usmarret-nnsen ar tamenɣiwt.
Iwa waxxa amenni, Ṭaliban d ddewla tameslemt wer ḥemmlen ayawya, awerni ɛecrin n iseggusa, Ṭaliban dewlen am iqninniyen min xef ttneyyacen inegmaren.
Asexdem
Wami ttuɣa llan di Suriya d Lɛiraq, wwḍen ad d-jebden aṭṭas n yewdan i ttuɣa d-ittasen ɣer Tturk, zi senni mennɛen ijjen lkar ar igmiren, uca ssadafen-ten s tnuffra ɣer Suriya.
Azgen ameqqran n yewdan-a wer ɣer-sen bu ca n ttejriba deg yiger n lɛesker, wer fhimen ca mliḥ acarreg-nni ileqfen Suriya.
Ɛawed aṭṭas zzag-sen ttuɣa ttɣastaren druɣa, ffɣen abrid, di tmura n manis d-qqarsen.
Nettaf zeg yina ijjen rebɛa n yergazen zi lɣerb n Lundun, ttlaɣan-asen ineḥbasen-nnsen Beatles. Yuran ttɛessasen, ttweddaben isaḥafiyen d ixeddamen Iwruppawiyen di tefganit.
Ijjen zzag-sen yemmut, inniḍen aqqa-ten di leḥbes, tnayen zzag-sen ḥekmen x-asen ad sseɛdan tudert-nnsen amen tekmel deg ijjen leḥbes s ijjen uḥeṭṭu yejhed deg Umarikan.
Waxxa amenni, Daɛic ɛad tettsiɣa teshucca yewdan ḥuma ad ggen isugiten x Internet.
Tnayen n tmeslayin i tt-iɛerrnen luxa ḥuma ad teshucc yewdan, d amezwaru d asugi aysrayili x Ɣezza d uḥebbes n temɣarin d tarwa n Daɛic di ca n iqiḍan deg ijjen lḥal yeqseḥ di ẓelmeḍ n Suriya.
Asijji x Wafrika
Ameknaw Lqaɛida i yella ɛad wer tenqiḍi, Daɛic tufa ixef-nnes di lfuḍa, deg weqḍaɛ n layas, d leḥkam aɛeffan n iɛeskriyen. Deg waṭṭas n tmura deg Wafrika, merra manaya ittmun deg ijjen tmurt.
Zegga ttyarita, timura n webyas asaḥili – zzag-sen Mali, Nnijer d Burkinafasu – ẓrint aqlab n leḥkam aɛeskri i yewwin ɣer arrifublik.
Tiseḍmiwin tifransisin, timirikaniyin d tiwuruppawiyin i ttuɣa yettɛawan tinbaḍin n imukan-nni maḥend ad beddent deg wudem n ijihadiyen, wer wwiḍen ca ad x-asen qḍan, iwa azgen ameqqran-nnsen wesqen-tent senni, ṭṭfen-asen amkan irusiyen.
Ɣer-s ɣer Daɛic xemsa n tseḍwin deg Wafrika, ttlaɣan-asen- tiwilayin, msebḍant x Wafrika n uɣelluy, jjihed n ugelmam n Tcad, RDC d ẓelmeḍ n Muzambik.
Danita, Daɛic, tettemḥizwar, ca n twatalin tettemseksi qaɛ aked Lqaɛida.
Daɛic iɛejb-as lḥal wami tessemɣer zeg iraqqen i t-teṭṭef sadu fus-nnes. Tenhezza s waṭṭas n lefsaset maci am tenbaḍin min ked tettemseksi, tettsug isugiten n tazzla ineqqen, tettegg tisarrawin i iɛeskriyen d imezdaɣ i yellan deg ibilajen i yeggʷjen.
Afrika qaɛ wer d-tjebbed ijihadiyen amec i tt-ttuɣa Suriya ca n ɛecra n iseggusa zi mani.
Wer din bu yewdan ttraḥen d ahimun ɣer wemkan-a amec i ttuɣa agmir jar Tturk d Suriya, waxxa qbel manaya deg tmura n ẓelmeḍ upgelluy di Pakistan.
Maca daɛic tettebedda x wejbad n tarwa n tmurt, i wer ittifen min ɣa xedmen di tmura-nnsen manis d-qqarsen.
Ca n imseksiten d imeẓẓyanen ccuren s ddenf deg wafrika, ttuqiɛen s luluf n ikilumitren x igeddimen iwruppawiyen, maca maḥend asugi ajihadi ittmernay, ili ttasen-d aṭṭas n imenneɛraq afrikanen i irezzun x ijjen tudert ilaqen deg Uruppa.
Uruppa, ayenni wwḍen ttneyycen x-as!
Di tqiccet n jjehd-nnes, deg wammas n iseggusa n 2010, tegga Daɛic aṭṭas n isugiten x Uruppa, am wenni i yeggin inni nnes di Bataclan di Paris, deg useggʷas n 2015, i d-yejjin ca n 130 n imettinen.
Strinaren iqettalen-a, sekken-ten-d zi Suria, ẓwan-d aṭṭas n igmiren bla ma ad asen zzat-sen ula d ijjen wemxumbel, ufin zzat-sen ca n lesnaḥ utumatik yejhed am ikalacnikuven i d-yusin zi tmura n Lbelkan.
Awern-as, aṭṭas n isugiten di ca n tneddam d tiwuruppawiyin, umi ipulisen n tmura n Uruppa cerken umlayen jar-asen, tedwel lxedmet-nnsen tseggem kter.
Imḍebbren ibriṭaniyen ttwalan ila luxa ad yedwel yeqqseḥ – maca wer zemmren ad qeḍɛen layas – x Lqaɛida niɣ Daɛic ad sgeɛɛden zeg uklasi n usugi-nnsen amek ggin di Lundun aseggʷas n 2005 niɣ am isugiten n Bataclan deg useggʷas n 2015.
Maca min dasen-itteggen amnus kter, d uccanen-nni i yettilin weḥḥed-sen: ca n yewdan teɣleb x-asen prupaɣanda tajihadit deg wantirnit.
Di Briṭaniya, azgen ameqqran n isugiten i yella bedden deg wudem, d ca n isugiten i ttuɣa tettblana Daɛic niɣ Lqaɛida.
Daɛic itteɛjib-as ad temmenḍar x Uruppa, d aya i d-immalen asugi n 2024 deg ijjen sala n musika di Crocus di Musku, i yenɣin ca n 140 n yewdan, aya immal-d ila Daɛic tujed maḥend ad tsug x weɛdaw-nnes mala yelha, am mamec telha Rusiya deg umseksi-nnes aked Ukraniya.
Wi yellan d amɣar n Daɛic lux?
Lexxu wer qqimen ca ayt Daɛic ssufuɣen-d ibidyawaten amec ttuɣa tteggen qbel, maca waxxa amenni xeddmen akid-sen ca n ixeddamen deg ugrafizem d yewdan n Web jehden ḥuma ad fesren tabrat n lekruhiyet d ushucci x usugi.
Ijjen zeg ibidyawaten-nnsen yemmal-d ijjen ittwagg s IA, n ijjen wergaz yessawal taɛrabt, immal-d tabrat-nnes bla ma ad yeggʷed ad ssnen tmagit n wenni i yessawalen din.
Ijihadiyen tteggʷden ad ssnen iwdan nniḍen min ɛnan, manaya zeg ami yemmut Abu Baker Lbeɣdadi di 2019.
Daɛic ɣer-sen amuxmbel d ameqqran deg wemɣar i ɣa yilin d akarizmati ameknaw mamec ttuɣa yella Usama Ben Laden, tteggʷden ad ilin imaynuten-nnsen maci di jjehd n inni i dasen-yezzaren.
Manaya ittemxumbul kter x lɛumur aquḍaḍ n yemɣaren-nnsen. Minzi ḥa ad ten-ssnen, ttafen-ten s lɛesset tiliktrunit, niɣ s tuccekma i ɣer-sen ɣer daxel.
Ar lux, ɛad wer nessin walu x wemɣar n Ddewla tameslemt.
Tala: BBC