Albert Camus deg usgʷas n 1944: Jar ussan.

Yura‑t : BENDERROU Mohamed

zi tsekla n umaḍal

D’une littérature mondiale

Albert Camus deg useggas n 1944. 

           [ le malentendu / Jar ussan ]

Camus (7-11-1913/ 4-1-1960), ay nniɣ, qaɛ inna  immudan di tsekla d tussna timaḍlanin ad ilin ẓrin atig n  umaru ya ameqqran d min iwca i yemɣran – nnes.

Amaru-ya izzrey tudert-nnes aked tirra d usiwel xef tudert d wamen day-s teddaren midden.  Zzi wakud n di ylul, nettwara-t belli irẓm-d tiṭṭawin- nnes di tudert-a akd bzzaf n tmucras jar timura, d imenɣan n tnamurin. Albert  yufa ixf-nnes deg ict n tmurt ( dzayr) imɣar days icca days aɣrum, walaynni netta ixzzar ixf-nnes walu ɣar-s ca n wmcan irsa. Maymmi ? asqsi-ya niɣ aṭṭas n isqsiten ad ten m-yini qaɛ wnna yufin ixf-nnes am ca n umenjlu di tudert-a. Albert ; uṭan-d  xafs aṭṭas n isqsitn, nna t-ijjin ad yili d ijj zzi tgrumma n yinn issawaln xef tilit ( les existentialistes ), maymmi tinml-a ? Aṭṭas n imarutn ṭṭfen abrid n tinml-a,  ḥuma ad ssiwlen xef min i ten-ijjin d iɣriben, al andi ufin ixef nsen am ani ɣas nitni tiritn-d tudert-a ammen waha.

Isqsiten nna ijjin Albert d imddukkal-nnes deg wasif-a ameqqran n umeggen, am ; maymmi necc ? maymmi tudert-a tya  amma waha ? max ncc ufiɣ-d ixf inu da s uya d manaya ? max tḥbac midden amma ? ….

Asqsi nna ijjin Albert ittmggan bzzaf itrra tawngimt ɣer dffer aṭṭas ; ‘ Max middn tmttan war xaf-sn ihan ca’. S tidet camus iggit min i t-ijjin ad yini awal am wa, am ntta ,   ujar  uya, yuf-d ixf nnes  di tmurt n ifriqya walaynni  iẓuran nnes zi tmurt irumyen (fransa), awal nnes ur illi s tmaziɣt ula s taɛrabt ɣas s tfransist, Min as irnin yuf-d babas immut di ẓbelt n lgirra tamaḍlant tamzwarut ijjet-id akd ymmas ur din mayn tmmut iqqim-d dffer-sn wḥdes. Iɣra di dzayr taflsaft yudefi wmnus-nnes weḥḥd-s di tmurt-a, akd ntta illa-ya itɛaqel umi illa di tmurt n ddzayr. Ttuɣa di zmanen ẓẓelt d war-afus yutfi zman ixs ad issɛdu tiɣri-nnes walaynni walu minns, bedden kids ca n iselmaden-nnes iwin-t ɣer fransa icmml dihat tiɣuriwin-nnes yiwwy aselkin di tneɣmast, ttuɣa ijj zeg imddakʷel-nnes d Sartre d Simun-di-bɛɣɛird, izrey kid-sen ca n isgʷusa d isbḥanen waxxa din ca lxilaf jar-as d Sartre. Wcin-tt i tirra d tfelsaft xef tudert d marra min days isarn zzi tixin deg isgʷusa n tlatinat d rbɛinat. Issiwṭ ɣer 1960 immut deg ict n laksida, tudert nnes marra ittgʷd zzi lmut nnes s tixin, zzi yas tqṭa tsɣunt n buḥbdel inya akd umddakʷl nnes Gallimard, tusen day-s di tikklt-n. mma ntta ttuɣa marra amuddu-nnes di wslway (train).

Xef unggaru, yufa Albert ixf nnes d awḥdi di tudert-nnes, issiwel, yura aṭṭas al andi yuḥel, ijj-d ungaln  (les romans) d tmzgunin (théâtre), yura ungal nnes amzwar awḥdi (étranger), Tanfust  n sizif, Caligula, Tabrat iyijj n umddakʷl, iterrasn (les justes) tamzgunt-a ssuɣlɣ-tt ɣer tmaziɣt, argaz agrwal (l’homme révolte), uṭṭu (la chute), le malentendu (jar ussan) ula d ta ssuɣleɣ-tt ɣer tmaziɣt. Zzi man aya ad issun nmmudda deg ict zzi tmzgunin nnes. Nsty awn Jar ussan (le malentendu 1944).

Tamzgunt n Jar ussan, tus-d deg ict n twarit dffer tagrawla tamaḍlant n (39-1944). Zi man aya tamzgunt, days tixin d tnimar nna itkken xef middn di tudert nsen ḥuma ad awṭn cway zzi tumert, nɣ ḍḥcn-asn cway wussan, walaynni imc ur illi umsɛlam jar min nxs d min nteg aynna iteg aṭṭas n tizgal di tudert nneɣ. Tmzgunt-a days aṭṭas n tbratin wnn i t-iɣrin ad days yaf aṭṭas n tbridin amm-ani  ikk-asnt, zz-it ɣriɣ, tawngimt tamzwarut nna ufiɣ ; ufiɣ blli illa din ca n umszday jar-as d wungal n uḥuji (l’étranger), di ungal n Uḥuji, ‘ Mursu’ wnna xef issawal  wungal, tusas-d ict n tbrat blli ymmas tmmut, ntta ur tt-d  iwwy di cay zzi wnɣmis, innas, ‘nnan ayi tmmut ymmac ; ncc ur ẓriɣ min qqarn, ur ayyi days traḥ ca’  di tmzgunt n Jar ussan, amenn tsar i ymmas tsar-as ula d ntta, Jan ; wnna xef tssawal tmzgunt-a ymmut jar ifassen n ymmas ula d nttat urtt-d days twwey.

Tamzgunt ; tssawal xef ijj n uḥnjir qqarn as Jan. Umi ylla d amẓyan akd ymmas ixzar ixf  nnes iteddar deg ict n tudert ur din tudert, ttuɣa-t d aḥnjir ɣars yallah ca n 10 isgʷusa, ɣars wltmas ttamẓyant xafs, ism nnes Martha.  Tarbat-a ula d nttat d ubsilt tkker-d tturar nttat d umas Jan di dcar nnsen. Dcar-a ; N di izrey Jan tudert nnes ttuɣat di tɣrmt di wdrar, tḥbac i ymmas txddem xafsn d imẓyanen, umi itɛaql cwa Jan imggen cway bzzaf ; inna-as lbal nnes ixs-ac ad tkkrt ad tgget ca n wayntta i marra min ttedder twacunt nnec, babac hat ur illi, ymmac tmɣar deg iylan wltmac ɛad d tamẓyant ? ixrres akd ixf nnes, yasi tackart  nnes xef wɛrur nnes ntta d wani yas tɣly tfuct, iya ixf nnes d argaz ḥuma ad-d yarr cway n uɣudi i ymmas d uyn xafs ikkin zzi tnimar, yufa tiɣrmt nnes ur ya days ula d ijjen ɣas ca n tudrin drusnt qaɛ middn fɣen tamurt.

Jan, aɛrrim n lɛnayt iẓwa yaman irzzu xef  imal nnes d wn n twacunt nnes, imqqer iyya argaz, ijj n was zeg wussan ula d ntta imggen akd ixf nnes ixs-as ad igg ula d ntta tamɣart nnes ad kids tsḥess ɣer wussan iziraren n tudert-a, ntta ixzzar ixf nnes mc ur ɣars tlli tnn-as ɣa iṭfen fus ur ɣars walu, yufa tarbat nn-as ira wul, ittexsit s yiman nnes ula d nttat tbb- at bzzaf tufa dis ca n tfras nna ixs lxaḍar nnes.  Tarbat-a ism nnes Maria, zzi min nɣra di wḍris-a ula d nttat d yllis n middn s twngimt nnes, zzrin ussan di tmurt n midden twansi, ijj n was tnnas ixs-ac ad nraḥ ad nerzu xef twja nnec maymmi ɣa tqqimt d aɣrib di dnya-ya .

Jan ; nzz-itt d tawḥdict ; inna akd ixf nnes han aya akud ḥuma ad raḥɣ ad xzarɣ ymma d wltma mamc llant di tudert nsent, ad xcceɣ xef ymma, aṭṭas zgʷami-d usiɣ tlla ymma tḥiwz-ayyi. Bzzaf simraw (20) isgʷusa d necc wḥdi ɣas akd uya n tḥnjart, nzzi Maria, texs ad kidi tdda ur days ɣas taḍfi (lxir).

Matha, d ymmas, llant tḥbac-asnt di tɣrmt tagujilt ɣas aṭu d tfuct jzr idurar.  Twattunt din, midden qaɛ ffɣen timura qqimnt wḥdsnt. Midden nna yfɣen zicc, di ca n tikkal ssmuddan-d ɣer tmurt n ljdud nsen, di tikkal yaḍnin ggurn-d irumyyen d lbrrani tsaran deg waccawn d idurar, Martha d ymmas iwṭitnt zman twftitnt  lmizirya tiɣrmt ur-days la tawuri la ca, ula d nitnti mgnent ad ggent ca n tnufsilt ad fɣent tamurt, xrrsent ndi ufint midden ggurn-d ɣersnt tnusn di txzant nsent (taddart xef taddart), nnant ad nats ad nbby iri ica n yijj ma llan ɣars iqariḍn ḥuma ad ggnt labas ula d nitnti ad fɣent amcan, kidsnt ijj n wmɣar iwsser itɣima ɣas xef twwurt, illa wn umi ɣrsnt illa wnna irint deg ijj n wasif xef tama n tɣrmt, smunent cway walaynni tufɣa n tmurt ur ɛad tktab.

Maria, tẓyyer xef wrgaz nnes tnn-as ur days ɣas ad ndda ad nçer ymmac d wltmac, mskina tessḥes-is bzzaf, iɛez xafs aṭṭas, ula d ntta yutfas di lbal tadwla ɣer tmurt n di izrey ṭmẓy nnes. Ikker ; innas i Maria, ad nraḥ, walaynni ur-asnt ssktiɣ (sɛqilɣ) ixf inu dɣya ad xzarɣ taymmat mad tzmer ad taca niɣ ad tasi tifras i memmis waxxa bzzaf hadi n  zzi fɣeɣ tamurt 20 isgʷusa ; Maria ur xafs ihan ca ; tnnas ad asnt nini d cek i da ttuɣ d amçyan tffeɣt tamurt zic, ur-as ibyn cay, raḥn zwan aman, umi wḍn ɣer tɣrmt, saln cway al andi wḍn yin ixf nsen d inujiwn mmuddan-d ɣer tmurt-a ; Maria, ur-as iban cay di tmsart-a, tnnas i Jan ; atf inas d necc memmim aymma, ḥit nttat d tamɣart isiḥfatt zman ad ty amma ur xafc tɛqql. Jan ; ijjul mad igg rray nnes.  Yutf Jan ɣer ict n tbyut ixzar mliḥ ur-as iban cay di wsnbgi nsent, yuḥl itwmmar i ymmas walu tag ad tsskti tifras. Martha, tiṭṭaw nnes xzzarnt ɣas ma d bu iqariḍn ḥuma ad-as tssek iyyiri.

Tiwcca nnes iffeɣ-d ɣer Maria, tnnas mdra mayn tyit ; innas walu ; tzɛf xafs tnnas cek dayc taɣnnant maymmi ur ttegget s wamn-ac nniɣ ad tffeɣt zzi rrunda nnec ; ntta ilɣuɣs ijjul mad igg amen as tnna ; innas lbal nnes tnna ur isktin tifras i memmis muḥal matsul ad tgg ca n tymmat ; ziɣ ya nttat (ymmas) mskina tnɣit tixt xef memmis (Jan) nna ifɣen tamurt ɛmru ma zunt ya iṭṭan (les chiens) n dcar. Iwḍ-d yiḍ yatf ijna wḥdes, tutf xafs wltmas (maria) ixes ad kids issiwl tzɛf xafs tnnas cek ɣas susm ayn txset sutri. Tffeɣ tssawal akd ymmas; tnnas mayn ɣa negg mad-as nɣres ?  ḥuma ad nsmun ayn iqqimn n iqariḍn, ymmas tuḥl s umggen ur-as ya inni lbal nnes taɣrrist amm ani iɛlm lxaḍr nnes blli d memmis. Jan ijnaa ; tnneslult ɣars Martha, tẓyer ymmas waxxa ur xafs ihan, ufint ijna ksint irint iwjdir yusn di wallaɣ n wasif immut iṭfar imzwura.

Amɣar awssar ibqqec ca n yɛban yufa din ca n lkwaɣḍ iwyitn i Martha, tɣra tufa blli d umas tiwyitn i ymmas ɣrint min din ittwarin, tufi blli d memmis, tnɣit tixt tufa akud izry, traḥ tira ixef nnses iwjdir ttefri tmmut ula d nttat, qqimnt Maria tamṭṭut nnes d wltmas Martha ta ttet di ta. Qqimnt rzzunt mamc ɣa ggent di tudert nssent, tuḍa Maria ɣer tmurt s tarut tnnas iwmɣar awssar awsyyi ad fɣeɣ zzi tixin-a, inn-as uhu.

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